POTREBE IZNAD PRAVA: PRAVO NA ZDRAVLJE U SOCIJALISTIČKOJ MAĐARSKOJ I NJEGOVA IMPLEMENTACIJA

Marton Varju; Judit Sándor

doi:10.5937/pravzap0-49493

Marton Varju Research Fellow, Central European University, Center for Ethics and Law in Biomedicine, Budapest
Judit Sándor Professor, Central European University, Center for Ethics and Law in Biomedicine, Budapest, Hungary

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/pravzap0-49493

Keywords: socijalistička osnovna prava, pravo na zdravlje, državni socijalizam, socijalističko zdravstvo, vulnerabilnost

Abstract

U socijalističkoj Mađarskoj država je preduzela istorijski važnu inicijativu kako bi zadovoljila zdravstvene potrebe stanovništva. U tom cilju, ustavom je bila predviđena zaštita zdravlja kao osnovni državni zadatak, a kasnije je zaštićeno i pravo na zdravlje. Iako je bilo formulisano kao pravo građana, pravo na zdravlje nije osnažilo pojedinca. Umesto toga, izražavalo je zajedničke društvene potrebe, kao i odgovornost i institucionalnu obavezu socijalističke države da brine o tim potrebama. Ovo naglašavanje potreba u odnosu na individualna prava imalo je presudan uticaj na praktičnu primenu prava na zdravlje. Savremene i retrospektivne politike i sociološke analize ukazuju da je zdravstveni sistem u socijalističkoj Mađarskoj prepustio pojedinca institucionalnim i profesionalnim interesima, a da je vulnerabilnost pacijenta bila često iskorišćavana.

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