SAVETODAVNO MIŠLJENJE MEĐUNARODNOG SUDA PRAVDE O KLIMATSKIM PROMENAMA: POZITIVAN, ALI MALI KORAK NAPRED
Abstract
Savetodavno mišljenje Međunarodnog suda pravde o obavezama država povodom klimatskih promena predstavlja prelomni trenutak u međunarodnom ekološkom pravu. Mišljenje se, kao jedna od tri skorašnje odluke u ovoj oblasti, uklapa u rastuću sudsku praksu usmerenu na primoravanje država da ispune svoje međunarodne dužnosti.
Mišljenjem se razjašnjava da države imaju pravne obaveze, iz niza pravnih instrumenata, ublažavanja posledica klimatskih promena, prilagođavanja i saradnje u vezi s njihovim štetnim dejstvima, a kršenje pomenutih obaveza predstavlja međunarodno protivpravno delo i povlači odgovornost države. Najzad, Sud je potvrdio cilj ograničenja globalnog zagrevanja na 1,5° C kao pravno obavezujući.
Iako savetodavno mišljenje u mnogim aspektima zaslužuje pohvale, pojedini aspekti, kao što su uzdržanost Suda da pruži konačan odgovor o pravima budućih generacija i pitanje nastavka državnosti u slučaju trajnog gubitka teritorije usled porasta nivoa mora, mogli su biti progresivniji.
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