Međunarodne obaveze međunarodnih organizacija
Abstract
Iako su prema stavu Međunarodnog suda pravde, međunarodne organizacije vezane obavezama koje imaju prema opštim pravilima međunarodnog prava, svojim osnivačkim aktima i međunarodnim sporazumima čije su ugovorne strane, do skora se ni praksa ni doktrina nisu posebno bavile pitanjem opsega međunarodnih obaveza međunarodnih organizacia. Na njih se dugo gledalo kao na zaštitnike a ne na moguće kršioce pravila i načela međunarodnog prava. Kako se pokazalo da i međunarodne organizacije mogu biti umešane u razne nepodopštine, počelo je da se govori o potrebi da se pravila međunarodnog prava primenjuju i na njih, a posebno o tome koja se pravila primenjuju na njihovu međunarodnu odgovornost. Kako utvrđivanje međunarodne odgovornosti pretpostavlja postojanje kršenja konkretne međunarodne obaveze, tako pitanje utvrđivanja opsega međunarodnih obaveza međunarodnih organizacija postaje posebno značajno.
Izučavajući praksu, ovaj članak najpre razmatra opseg obaveza međunarodnih organizacija koje proističu iz ugovora i običaja. Posebnu pažnju posvećuje jednostranim akatima međunarodnih organizacija, koji takođe mogu biti izvori njihovih međunarodnih obaveza. U tom smislu, članak razmatra shodnu primena uslova za jednostrano obavezivanje koje postavlja međunarodno pravo u odnosu na države. Potom, pokazuje kako su ti uslovi uspunjeni na konkretnim primerima izjava Generalnog sekretara UN, ukazujući na praktični značaj ovih jednostranih pravnih akata. Na kraju, članak razmatra međunarodne obaveze međunarodnih organizacija koje izviru iz unutrašnjeg prava same organizacije na primeru rezolucija Saveta bezbednosti i odluka koje se na njima zasnivaju (uredbe UNMIK).
Iako zaključuje da je opseg pravila koji se primenjuju na međunarodne organizacije uži od onog koji postoji u odnosu na države, članak pokazuje da postoji tenedencija njegovog proširenja, posebno u oblasti ljudskih prava.
Ključne reči: međunarodne obaveze međunarodnih organizacija, međunarodna odgovornost međunarodnih organizacija, ugovorne obaveze međunarodnih organizacija, običajne obaveze međunarodnih organizacija, jednostrani pravni akti kao izvori obaveza u međunarodnom pravu, jednostrani pravni akti međunarodnih organizacija, bilteni Generalnog sekretara UN, pravila organizacije, unutrašnje pravo organizacije, rezolucije Savet bezbednosti UN, automatska sukcesija ugovora o ljudskim pravima, UNMIK, uredbe UNMIK
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