Socioekonomski status, roditeljski stres i roditeljske prakse za vreme vanrednog stanja tokom pandemije covid-19 u Srbiji
Sažetak
Tokom vanrednog stanja u Srbiji roditelji su se našli pred izazovom da 24 sata, sedam dana u nedelji preuzmu brigu o čuvanju, obrazovanju i zabavi svoje dece, dok ujedno odgovaraju na poslovne zahteve i vode računa o svakodnevnom funkcionisanju domaćinstva, uz stalni strah od virusa i potencijalnog gubitka posla. Ova studija ispituje povezanost između roditeljskih praksi (učestvovanje u razvojnopodsticajnim aktivnostima, disciplinovanje, uspostavljanje strukture dana, vreme koje detet provodi ispred ekrana, roditeljska percepcija povećanja tog vremena) u odnosu na roditeljski stres, socioekonomski status roditelja i uslove u kojima su radili (tj. bez radne obaveze, rad na daljinu, rad na random mestu) tokom izolacije COVID-19. Uzorak je činilo 1510 majki dece predškolskog uzrasta. Četiri socioekonomska klastera su identifikovana korišćenjem relevantnih varijabli (nivo obrazovanja, ekonomski status i uticaj pandemije na finansijsku situaciju porodice). Rezultati su pokazali da su visokoobrazovane majke koje su radile na daljinu tokom izolacije iskusile značajno veći stres zbog usklađivanja radnih i roditeljskih obaveza. Majke koje nisu radile tokom pandemije provodile su više vremena u razvojnopodsticajnim aktivnostima (p<0,01) i bolje su uspostavljale strukturu dana (p<0,01), dok su majke koje su radile na daljinu primetile veći efekat uticaja pandemije na povećanje vremena koje dete provdi ispred ekrana. Rezultati pokazuju da je u kriznim vremenima neophodno osmisliti individualizovanu podršku roditeljima dece ranog uzrasta uzimajući u obzir njihov ekonomski i obrazovni status.
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