Profesionalni stres i sindrom sagorevanja na poslu kod nastavnika: ima li razlike među regijama Republike Srpske?

  • Nada Maric Zavod za medicinu rada i sporta Republike Srpske - Centar Bijeljina, 76300 Bijeljina, Republika Srpska, Bosna i Hercegovina
  • Stefan Mandić-Rajčević Škola javnog zdravlja i menadžmenta u sistemu zdravstvene zaštite, Institut za socijalnu medicinu, Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, 11000 Beograd, Srbija
  • Nataša Maksimović Institut za epidemiologiju, Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, 11000 Beograd, Srbija
  • Petar Bulat Institut za medicinu rada Srbije, Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, 11000 Beograd, Srbija
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed52-29174
Ključne reči: Sindrom sagorevanja, Stres na radu, Profesionalni stres, Nastavnici, Prosvetni radnici, Radno mesto

Sažetak


Uvod: Sindrom sagorevanja na poslu nastaje kao rezultat prolongirane ekspozicije emocionalnim i interpersonalnim stresorima na radnom mestu i karakteriše se kroz tri dimenzije: emocionalna iscrpljenost, depersonalizacija i lična ostvarenja. Istraživanje i prevencija ovoga fenomena je od javnozdravstvenog značaja zbog brojnih posledica koje ostavlja na zdravlje radne populacije i radne organizacije, a kod nastavnika i na decu kao neposredne korisnike usluga. Cilj ovoga istraživanja je ispitati prisustvo profesionalnog stresa i sindroma sagorevanja na poslu kod nastavnika u regijama Republike Srpske, kao i utvrditi postojanje razlika među regijama.

Metod: Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao studija preseka u periodu avgust-septembar 2018. godine na teritoriji regija Republike Srpske. Ciljnu populaciju predstavljali su nastavnici osnovnih i srednjih škola. Stopa odgovora po svim regijama je bila preko 70%. Za potrebe ovoga istraživanja konstruisan je poseban upitnik koji se sastojao od sociodemografskih podataka, podataka o ekonomskim karakteristika ispitanika, karakteristikama radnog okruženja, kao i podataka o zadovoljstvu opremom i sredstvima na radu, podrškom od strane porodice i prijatelja i prisustvu sukoba poslovnih i porodičnih uloga. Pored opšteg upitnika koristili su se Maslač upitnik za procenu sindroma sagorevanja na poslu i Karasekov upitnik za procenu stresa na radu.

Rezultati: Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika u učestalosti profesionalnog stresa kod nastavnika među regijama Republike Srpske. Takođe,  utvrđena je  statistički značajna razlika među regijama Republike Srpske u odnosu na dimanzije sindroma sagorevanja na poslu. Visok nivo emocionalne iscrpljenosti znatno češće su prijavljivali nastavnici sa teritorije regije Istočno Sarajevo i Prijedor (8,0% i 7,7%). Nastavnici sa teritorije Prijedora češće su ispoljavali i umeren i visok nivo depersonalizacije, kao i nizak nivo ličnih ostvarenja u odnosu na nastavnike koji pripadaju drugim regijama.

Zaključak: Istraživanje je ukazalo na prisutnost sindroma sagorevanja na poslu u svim regijama RS na početku školske godine, kao i na postojanje razlika među njima.  Takođe, ovo istraživanje usled iznesenih razlika u regijama je ukazalo na potrebu za dodatnim istraživanjima faktora rizika po regijama u cilju formiranja ciljanih i samim tim efikasnijih mera  prevencije.

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Objavljeno
2021/03/26
Broj časopisa
Vol. 52 Br. 1 (2021): Q1/Mart
Rubrika
Originalni naučni članak
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