Fekalna transplantacija i infekcija Clostridioides difficile

  • Darija Knežević Medicinski fakultet Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci
  • Miroslav Petković Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka
Keywords: Faecal transplantation, Clostridioides difficile infection, Microbiota

Abstract


Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), known equally well as faecal transplanta- tion or faecal bacteriotherapy, is the process of implanting the faecal suspension con- taining balanced microbiota from a healthy donor to the colon of a recipient patient. Excessive growth of Clostridioides difficile (C difficile) in the intestinal microbiota re- sulting from antibiotic consumption is currently a rising threat to public health. FMT is one of the most important, newer approaches to treating C difficile infections. Since C difficile is regarded as an opportunistic bacterium triggering disease in conditions of disturbed homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota, restoration of healthy intestinal microflora facilitates suppression of toxic strain of C difficile by anaerobic bacteria of normal intestinal microflora with concomitant cure. Nurses have important role in caring for patients after faecal transplantation.

References

Rossen NG, MacDonald JK, de Vries EM, D'Haens GR, de Vos WM, Zoetendal EG, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation as novel therapy in gastroenterology: A systematic review. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21(17):5359-71.

Kelly BJ, Tebas P. Clinical practice and infrastructure review of fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection. Chest 2018 Jan;153(1):266-77.

Bakker GJ, Nieuwdorp M. Fecal microbiota transplantation: therapeutic potential for a multitude of diseases beyond Clostridium difficile. Microbiol Spectr 2017 Aug;5(4). doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0008-2017.

DuH,KuangTT,QiuS,XuT,GangHuanCL,FanG,etal. Fecal medicines used in traditional medical system of China: a systematic review of their names, original species, traditional uses, and modern investigations. Chin Med 2019 Sep 13;14:31. doi: 10.1186/s13020-019-0253-x.

Zhang F, Luo W, Shi Y, Fan Z, Ji G. Should we standardize the 1,700-year-old fecal microbiota transplantation? Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107(11):1755–6.

Eiseman B, Silen W, Bascom GS, Kauvar AJ. Fecal enema as an adjunct in the treatment of pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Surgery 1958;44(5):854–9.

Rossen NG, Fuentes S, van der Spek MJ, Tijssen JG, Hartman JHA, Duflou A, et al. Findings from a randomized controlled trial of fecal transplantation for patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2015 Jul;149(1):110–8.

Paramsothy S, Paramsothy R, Rubin DT, Kamm MA, Kaakoush NO, Mitchell HM, et al. Faecal microbiota transplantation for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crohns Colitis 2017 Oct;11(10):1180–99.

Marotz CA, Zarrinpar A. Treating obesity and metabolic syndrome with fecal microbiota transplantation. Yale J Biol Med 2016;89(3):383-8.

Gerard P. Gut microbiota and obesity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016;73(1):147–62.

Qin J, Li R, Raes J, Arumugam M, Burgdorf KS, Manichanh C, et al. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 2010;464(7285):59–65.

Antal I, Jelić MS, Sila S, Kolaček A, Tambić Andrašević A. [Human microbiota and microbiome]. Acta Med Croatica 2019;(73):3-11. Croatian.

Goodrich JK, Davenport ER, Clark AG, Ley RE. The relationship between the human genome and microbiome comes into view. Annu Rev Genet 2017;51:413-33.

Shreiner AB, Kao JY, Young VB. The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2015;31(1):69-75.

Malikowski T, Khanna S, Pardi DS. Fecal microbiota transplantation for gastrointestinal disorders. Curr Opin Gas- troenterol 2017 Jan;33(1):8-13.

Kowalska-Duplaga K, Gosiewski T, Kapusta P, Sroka-Olek- siak A, Wędrychowicz A, Pieczarkowski S, et al. Differenc- es in the intestinal microbiome of healthy children and patients with newly diagnosed Crohn's disease. Sci Rep 2019 Dec 11;9(1):18880. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55290-9.

Collado MC, Rautava S, Aakko J, Isolauri E, Salminen S. Human gut colonisation may be initiated in utero by distinct microbial communities in the placenta and amniotic fluid. Sci Rep 2016 Mar 22;6:23129. doi: 10.1038/srep23129.

Xiao L, Ding G, Ding Y, Deng C, Ze X, Chen L, et al. Effect of probiotics on digestibility and immunity in infants: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017 Apr;96(14):e5953. doi: 10.1097/ MD.0000000000005953.

Lee N, Kim WU. Microbiota in T-cell homeostasis and inflammatory diseases. Exp Mol Med 2017 May 26;49(5):e340. doi: 10.1038/emm.2017.36.

Chen X, Devaraj S. Gut microbiome in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2018 Oct 18;18(12):129. doi: 10.1007/s11892-018-1104-3.

Guinane CM, Cotter PD. Role of the gut microbiota in health and chronic gastrointestinal disease: understanding a hidden metabolic organ. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2013;6(4):295-308.

Hollister EB, Gao C, Versalovic J. Compositional and functional features of the gastrointestinal microbiome and their effects on human health. Gastroenterology 2014;146(6):1449–58.

Shreiner AB, Kao JY, Young VB. The gut microbiome in health and in disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2015;31(1):69-75.

Moles L, Otaegui D. The impact of diet on microbiota evolution and human health. is diet an adequate tool for microbiota modulation? Nutrients 2020 Jun 2;12(6):1654. doi: 10.3390/nu12061654.

Manson JM, Rauch M, Gilmore MS. The commensal microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Adv Exp Med Biol 2008;635:15-28.

Ventura M, Turroni F, Canchaya C, Vaughan EE, O’Toole PW, van Sinderen D. Microbial diversity in the human intestine and novel insights from metagenomics. Front Biosci 2009;14:3214–21.

Jandhyala SM, Talukdar R, Subramanyam C, Vuyyuru H, Sasikala M, Nageshwar Reddy D. Role of the normal gut

microbiota. World J Gastroenterol 2015;21(29):8787-803.

Larsbrink J, Rogers TE, Hemsworth GR, McKee LS, Tauzin AS, Spadiut O, et al. A discrete genetic locus confers xyloglucan metabolism in select human gut Bacteroidetes. Nature 2014;506(7489):498–502.

Wang BY, Mingfei L, Longxian L, Zongxin L. The human microbiota in health and disease. Engineering 2017;3:71-82.

Scott AJ, Alexander JL, Merrifield CA, Cunningham D, Jobin C, Brown R, et al. International Cancer Microbiome Consortium consensus statement on the role of the human microbiome in carcinogenesis. Gut 2019;68(9):1624-32.

Khan I, Ullah N, Zha L, Bai Y, Khan A, Zhao T, et al. Alteration of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): cause or consequence? IBD treatment targeting the gut microbiome. Pathogens 2019 Aug 13;8(3):126. doi:

3390/pathogens8030126.

Rautava S, Luoto R, Salminen S, Isolauri E. Microbial contact during pregnancy, intestinal colonization and human

disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;9:565–76.

Rogier EW, Frantz AL, Bruno ME, Wedlund L, Cohen DA, Stromberg AJ, et al. Lessons from mother: long-term im- pact of antibodies in breast milk on the gut microbiota and intestinal immune system of breastfed offspring. Gut Microbes 2014;5(5):663–8.

Clemente JC, Ursell LK, Parfrey LW, Knight R. The impact of the gut microbiota on human health: an integrative

view. Cell 2012;148(6):1258-70.

Sorbara MT, Pamer EG. Interbacterial mechanisms of colonization resistance and the strategies pathogens use to overcome them [published correction appears in Mucosal Immunol 2019 May;12(3):840]. Mucosal Immunol 2019;12(1):1-9.

Abt MC, McKenney PT, Pamer EG. Clostridium difficile colitis: pathogenesis and host defence. Nat Rev Microbiol 2016;14:609–20.

Ling Z, Liu X, Jia X, Cheng Y, Luo Y, Yuan L, et al. Impacts of infection with different toxigenic Clostridium difficile strains on faecal microbiota in children. Sci Rep 2014;4:7485. doi: 10.1038/srep07485.

Collins J, Auchtung JM. Control of Clostridium difficile infection by defined microbial communities. Microbiol Spectr 2017 Sep;5(5):10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0009- 2016. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.BAD-0009-2016.

Cohen J. Vaginal microbiome affects HIV risk. Science 2016;353(6297):331.

XuM,WangB,FuY,ChenY,YangF,LuH,etal.Changesof fecal Bifidobacterium species in adult patients with hepatitis B virus-induced chronic liver disease. Microb Ecol 2012;63(2):304–13.

HuZ,ZhangY,LiZ,YuY,KangW,HanY,etal.Effectof Helicobacter pylori infection on chronic periodontitis by the change of microecology and inflammation. Oncotarget 2016;7(41):66700–12.

Rao K, Micic D, Natarajan M, Winters S, Kiel MJ, Walk ST, et al. Clostridium difficile ribotype 027: relationship to age, detectability of toxins A or B in stool with rapid testing, severe infection, and mortality. Clin Infect Dis 2015 Jul 15;61(2):233-41.

Ghose C. Clostridium difficile infection in the twenty-first century. Emerg Microbes Infect 2013;2:e62. doi: 10.1038/ emi.2013.62.

Slimings C, Riley TV. Antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection: update of systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014;69:881–91.

Lessa FC, Winston LG, McDonald LC. Emerging infections program C. difficile surveillance team, burden of Clostridium difficile infection in the united states. N Engl J Med 2015;372:2369–70.

Lawson PA, Citron DM, Tyrrell KL, Finegold SM. Reclassification of Clostridium difficile as Clostridioides difficile (Hall and O'Toole 1935) Prévot 1938. Anaerobe 2016 Aug;40:95-9.

Smits WK, Lyras D, Lacy DB, Wilcox MH, Kuijper EJ. Clostridium difficile infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2016;2:16020.

Zacharioudakis IM, Zervou FN, Pliakos EE, Ziakas PD, Mylonakis E. Colonization with toxinogenic C. difficile upon hospital admission, and risk of infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2015 Mar;110(3):381-90.

Rupnik M. Is Clostridium difficile-associated infection a potentially zoonotic and foodborne disease? Clin Microbiol Infect 2007;13:457–9.

Warriner K, Xu C, Habash M, Sultan S, Weese SJ. Dissemination of Clostridium difficile in food and the environment: Significant sources of C. difficile community-acquired in- fection? J Appl Microbiol 2017 Mar;122(3):542-53.

Loo VG. Environmental interventions to control Clostrid- ium difficile. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2015;29(1):83–91.

Vardakas KZ, Trigkidis KK, Boukouvala E, Falagas ME. Clostridium difficile infection following systemic antibiotic administration in randomised controlled trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016;48:1–10.

Jangi S, Lamont JT. Asymptomatic colonization by Clostridium difficile in infants: implications for disease in later life. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2010;51(1):2–7.

Koenig JE, Spor A, Scalfone N, Fricker AD, Stombaugh J, Knight R, et al. Succession of microbial consortia in the developing infant gut microbiome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011 Mar 15;108 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):4578-85.

Bäckhed F, Roswall J, Peng Y, Feng Q, Jia H, Kovatche- va-Datchary P, et al. Dynamics and stabilization of the human gut microbiome during the first year of life. Cell Host Microbe 2015 Jun 10;17(6):852. doi: 10.1016/j. chom.2015.05.012..

Scardina T, Labuszewski L, Pacheco SM, Adams W, Schreckenberger P, Johnson S. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) severity and outcome among patients infected with the NAP1/BI/027 strain in a non-epidemic setting. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;36(3):280–6.

Furuya-Kanamori L, Marquess J, Yakob L, Riley TV, Pater- son DL, Foster NF, et al. Asymptomatic Clostridium diffi- cile colonization: epidemiology and clinical implications. BMC Infect Dis 2015 Nov 14;15:516. doi: 10.1186/s12879- 015-1258-4.

Cohen SH, Gerding DN, Johnson S, Kelly CP, Loo VG, Mc- Donald LC, et al. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults: 2010 update by the society for healthcare epidemiology of America (SHEA) and the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA). Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010 May;31(5):431-55.

Caroff DA, Edelstein PH, Hamilton K, Pegues DA. The Bristol Stool Scale and its relationship to Clostridium difficile infection. J Clin Microbiol 2014;52(9):3437–9.

Olsen MA, Yan Y, Reske KA, Zilberberg MD, Dubberke ER. Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection is associated with increased mortality. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015;21(2):164–70.

Zilberberg MD, Reske K, Olsen M, Yan Y, Dubberke ER. Risk factors for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) hospitalization among hospitalized patients with an initial CDI episode: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2014;14(1):306. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-306.

Dieterle MG, Rao K, Young VB. Novel therapies and preventative strategies for primary and recurrent Clostridium difficile infections. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019;1435(1):110-38.

van Nood E, Vrieze A, Nieuwdorp M, Fuentes S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM, et al. Duodenal infusion of donor feces for recurrent Clostridium difficile. N Engl J Med 2013 Jan 31;368(5):407-15.

Bobo L. Fecal microbial transplantation: highly effective treatment for severe Clostridium difficile infection. ID Week 2013;281-4.

Filip M, Tzaneva V, Dumitrascu DL. Fecal transplantation: digestive and extradigestive clinical applications. Clujul Med 2018;91(3):259-65.

Theriot CM, Young VB. Interactions between the gastrointestinal microbiome and Clostridium difficile. Annu Rev Microbiol 2015;69:445-61.

Bakken JS, Borody T, Brandt LJ, Brill JV, Demarco DC, Franzos MA, et al. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Work- group. Treating Clostridium difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011 Dec;9(12):1044-9.

Weingarden AR, Hamilton MJ, Sadowsky MJ, Khoruts A. Resolution of severe Clostridium difficile infection following sequential fecal microbiota transplantation. J Clin Gastroenterol 2013;47(8):735–7.

Kelly CR, Kahn S, Kashyap P, Laine L, Rubin D, Atreja A, et al. Update on fecal microbiota transplantation 2015: in- dications, methodologies, mechanisms, and outlook. Gastroenterology 2015 Jul;149(1):223-37.

Choi HH, Cho YS. Fecal microbiota transplantation: current applications, effectiveness, and future perspectives. Clin Endosc 2016;49(3):257-65.

Distrutti E, Monaldi L, Ricci P, Fiorucci S. Gut microbiota role in irritable bowel syndrome: New therapeutic strategies. World J Gastroenterol 2016;22(7):2219-41.

Kelly BJ, Tebas P. Clinical practice and infrastructure review of fecal microbiota transplantation for Clostridium difficile infection. Chest 2018 Jan;153(1):266-77.

Lagier JC. Faecal microbiota transplantation: from practice to legislation before considering industrialization. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014;20:1112–8.

Dorsey KA, Moritz ED, Steele WR, Eder AF, Stramer SL. A comparison of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and human T-lymphotropic virus marker rates for directed versus volunteer blood donations to the American Red Cross during 2005 to 2010. Transfusion 2013;53(6):1250–6.

Reigadas E, Olmedo M, Valerio M, Vázquez-Cuesta S, Alcalá L, Marín M, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation for re- current Clostridium difficile infection: Experience, protocol, and results. Rev Esp Quimioter 2018 Oct;31(5):411-8.

Hamilton MJ, Weingarden AR, Sadowsky MJ, Khoruts A. Standardized frozen preparation for transplantation of fecal microbiota for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107(5):761-7.

Kazerouni A, Burgess J, Burns LJ, Wein LM. Optimal screening and donor management in a public stool bank. Microbiome 2015;3(1):75. doi: 10.1186/s40168-015- 0140-3.

Cui B, Li P, Xu L, Peng Z, Xiang J, He Z, et al. Step-up fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) strategy. Gut Microbes 2016;7:323–8.

Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Tilg H, Rajilić-Stojanović M, Kump P, Satokari R, et al. European consensus conference on faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice. Gut 2017;66(4):569-80.

Zhang F, Cui B, He X, Nie Y, Wu K, Fan D; FMT-standardization Study Group. Microbiota transplantation: concept, methodology and strategy for its modernization. Protein Cell 2018 May;9(5):462-73.

Choi HH, Cho YS. Fecal microbiota transplantation: current applications, effectiveness, and future perspectives. Clin Endosc 2016;49(3):257-65.

Reigadas E, Olmedo M, Valerio M, Vázquez-Cuesta S, Alcalá L, Marín M, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: Experience, protocol, and results. Rev Esp Quimioter 2018 Oct;31(5):411-8.

Wang JW, Kuo CH, Kuo FC, Wang YK, Hsu WH, Yu FJ, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation: Review and update. J Formos Med Assoc 2019 Mar;118 Suppl 1:S23-S31. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.08.011.

Cammarota G, Ianiro G, Gasbarrini A. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review. J Clin Gastroenterol 2014;48(8):693–702.

Liubakka A, Vaughn BP. Clostridium difficile infection and fecal microbiota transplant. AACN Adv Crit Care 2016;27(3):324-37.

Guillemin I, Marrel A, Beriot-Mathiot A, Doucet C, Kazoglou O, Luxemburger C, et al. How do Clostridium difficile

infections affect nurses' everyday hospital work: A qualitative study. Int J Nurs Pract 2015 May;21 Suppl 2:38-45.

McDonald LC, Gerding DN, Johnson S, Bakken JS, Carroll KC, Coffin SE, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). Clin Infect Dis 2018 Mar 19;66(7):987-94.

Walton J, Burns D, Gaehle KE. Process and outcome of fecal microbiota transplants in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: a prospective study. Gastroenterol Nurs 2017 Sep/Oct;40(5):411-9.

Rohlke F, Surawicz CM, Stollman N. Fecal flora reconstitution for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection: results and methodology. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010 Sep;44(8):567-70.

Published
2021/09/30
Section
Review article