Uticaj dnevnih, sezonskih i godišnjih varijacija na učestalost akutnog infarta miokarda
Sažetak
Uvod: Akutni infarkt miokarda (AIM) nastaje kao posledica kompletne okluzije koronarne arterije. Dokazano je postojanje vremenskih obrazaca javljanja kardiovaskularnih oboljenja. Infarkt miokarda pokazuje značajne sezonske varijacije javljanja (1-3) Cilj rada je bio istražiti uticaj dnevnih, sezonskih i godišnjih varijacija na učestalost AIM.
Metod rada: Podaci su analizirani retrospektivno, koristeći elektronsku bazu podataka Zavoda za hitnu medicinsku pomoć Novi Sad (HMP) u periodu od 15. marta 2018. do 15. marta 2022. godine. U istraživanje su uključeni pacijenti sa dijagnozom AIM (I21 prema MKB-10). Analizirano je 982 pacijenta oba pola. Analizirane podatke smo podelili prema satima u toku dana (cirkadijalni ritam), danima u nedelji, kvartalima i mesecima u toku godine. Za analizu podataka korišćene su deskriptivne statističke metode, Mann Whitney, χ2 test i Fisher’s exact neparametarski testovi.
Rezultati: Najčešće doba dana u kojem je dijagnostikovan AIM je 06-14h (389; 39,6%). Periodi 06-14h (χ2=39,69; p<0,001) i 14-22h (χ2=28,06; p<0,001) su statistički značajno učestaliji u odnosu na period 22-6h.Ponedeljkom je zabeleženo najviše slučajeva AIM (153; 15,6%) i u toku januara (93; 9,5%). Najveći broj AIM je bio u periodu mart 2021- mart 2022 (304; 31,0%), dok je najmanji broj zabeležen u periodu mart 2019 - mart 2020 (190; 19,3%).
Zaključak: Istraživanje pokazuje uticaj i značaj cirkadijalnog, sezonskog i godišnjeg ritma na pojavu AIM. Poznavanje tih činjenica može imati značajnu ulogu u prevenciji, ranom prepoznavanju i terapiji akutnih koronarnih bolesti.
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