English English
Ključne reči:
prava dece, Srbija, gejming, gejming industrija, kovid-19
Sažetak
Za centralnu industriju zabave 21. veka - onlajn igrice, deca su nesumnjivo ključna potrošačka grupa. Iako se istraživanje uticaja gejming industrije na decu uglavnom bavi negativnim efektima poput zavisnosti, nasilnog sadržaja, neprimerenog ponašanja i monetizacije ličnih podataka, postoje i mnogi pozitivni efekti - porodična zabava, virtuelno druženje, poboljšanje kognitivnih veština i korišćenje igara kao nastavno sredstvo. Stoga je zadatak svih učesnika u lancu vrednosti gejming industrije da maksimiziraju pozitivne i minimiziraju negativne uticaje na decu. Istraživanje sprovedeno među 893 mladih u Srbiji pokazalo je njihove navike u konzumiranju onlajn igara i ukazalo na to da li su njihova prava zaštićena tokom igranja. Zaključak daje preporuke ključnim zainteresovanim stranama u ekosistemu gejming industrije o tome kako digitalno igralište učiniti inkluzivnim, sigurnim i odgovornim kada je reč o poštovanju dečjih prava.
Reference
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Coyne, S. M., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Stockdale, L., & Day, R. D. (2011). Game On… Girls: Associations Between Co-playing Video Games and Adolescent Behavioral and Family Outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49(2), 160–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.11.249
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Entertainment Software Rating Board (n.d.). ESRB Game Ratings. Retrieved October 15, 2020, from https://www.esrb.org/
Folkvord, F. & van, ‚t Riet, J. (2018). The persuasive effect of advergames promoting unhealthy foods among children: A meta-analysis. Appetite, 129, 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.020
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Granic, I., Lobel, A., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2014). The benefits of playing video games. American Psychologist, 69(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034857
Grimes, S.M. (2015). Online Games and Children. In: The International Encyclopedia of Digital Communication and Society (eds P.H. Ang and R. Mansell). John Wiley & Sons. DOI:10.1002/9781118767771.wbiedcs108
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Hastings, E. C., Karas, T. L., Winsler, A., Way, E., Madigan, A., & Tyler, S. (2009). Young children’s video/ computer game use: Relations with school performance and behaviour. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 30, 638–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840903050414
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Hygen, B. W., Belsky, J., Stenseng, F., Skalicka, V., Kvande, M. N., Zahl-Thanem, T., & Wichstrom, L. (2020). Time Spent Gaming and Social Competence in Children: Reciprocal Effects Across Childhood. Child Development, 91(3), 861-875. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13243
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Jackson, L. A., Witt, E. A., Games, A. I., Fitzgerald, H. E., von Eye, A., & Zhao, Y. (2012). Information Technology Use and Creativity: Findings from the Children and Technology Project. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 370–376. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.006
Kaye, L. K., & Bryce, J. (2012). Putting The “Fun Factor” Into Gaming: The Influence of Social Contexts on Experiences of Playing Videogames. International Journal of Internet Science, 7(1), 23–36.
Kiili, J. & Moilanen, J. (2019). Participation as a Methodological and Ethical Issue in Child Protection Research. Journal of Children's Services. 14(3), 143–161. DOI: 10.1108/JCS-02-2019-0009.
King, D. L.; Delfabbro, P. H.; Billieux, J. & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 184–186. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00016
Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). The effects of pathological gaming on aggressive behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9558-x
Lenhard, A. (2015, August). Teens, Technology and Friendships. PewResearch Center. Retrieved October 12, 2020, from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/08/06/teens-technology-and-friendships/
Lissak, G. (2018). Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: literature review and case study. Environmental Research, 164, 149–157. DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.015.
Lynch, T., Tompkins, J. E., van Driel, I. I., & Fritz, N. (2016). Sexy, Strong, and Secondary: A Content Analysis of Female Characters in Video Games across 31 Years. Journal of Communication, 66(4), 564–584. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12237
Malkowski, j. & Russworm, T.M. (2017). Gaming Representation: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Video Games. Indiana University Press.
Mannikko, N., Billieux, J., & Kaariainen, M. (2015). Problematic digital gaming behaviour and its relation to the psychological, social and physical health of Finnish adolescents and young adults. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4, 282-288. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.040
Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Serbia. (2015). National Youth Strategy for the period from 2015 to 2025. Retrieved October 6, 2020 from https://www.mos.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/download-manager-files/nacionalna_strategija_za_mlade0101_cyr.pdf
Olson, C. K. (2010). Children’s Motivations for Video Game Play in the Context of Normal Development. Review of General Psychology, 14(2), 180–187. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018984.
Pawłowska, B., Potembska, E., & Szymańska, J. (2018). Demographic and family-related predictors of online gaming addiction in adolescents, Polish Journal of Public Health, 128(1), 9-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2018-0002
Pan European Game Information (n.d.). About PEGI. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://pegi.info/what-do-the-labels-mean
Prensky, M. (2012). From digital natives to digital wisdom: Hopeful essays for 21st century learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Przybylski, A. K. (2014). Electronic gaming and psychosocial adjustment. Pediatrics, 134, 716–722. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-4021
Schaaf, R. & Mohan, N. (2014). Making School a Game Worth Playing: Digital Games in the Classroom. Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin.
SuperData. (2020). 2019 Year in Review: Digital games and interactive media, SuperData Research Holdings Inc. Retrieved October 8, 2020, from https://www.superdataresearch.com/reports/p/2019-year-in-review
United Nations. (1989). The Convention on the Rights of the Child. General Assembly Resolution no. 44/25, c.1. Retrieved October 6, 2020 from https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention
United Nations Children Fund. (2020). Online Gaming and Children’s Rights: Recommendations for the Online Gaming Industry on Assessing Impact on Children. UNICEF, April 2020.
United Nations Children Fund. (2019). Child Rights and Online Gaming: Opportunities & Challenges for Children and the Industry. Discussion Paper Series: Children’s Rights and Business in a Digital World. UNICEF, August 2019.
Ventura, M., Shute, V., & Zhao, W. (2013). The relationship between video game use and a performance-based measure of persistence. Computers & Education, 60, 52–58. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.07.003
World Health Organisation (2020). Excessive screen use and gaming considerations during #COVID19. WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from http://www.emro.who.int/mnh/news/considerations-for-young-people-on-excessive-screen-use-during-covid19.html
Amerijckx, G., & Humblet, P. C. (2014). Child Well-Being: What Does It Mean? Children and Society, 5, 404-415. DOI:10.1111/chso.12003.
Brooks, F. M., Chester, K. L., Smeeton, N. C., & Spencer, N. H. (2016). Video gaming in adolescence: factors associated with leisure time use. Journal of Youth Studies, 19(1), 36–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2015.1048200
Charmaraman, L., Richer, A. M., & Moreno, M. A. (2020). Social and Behavioral Health Factors Associated with Violent and Mature Gaming in Early Adolescence [Electronic version]. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 17(14), 4996. Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144996
Coyne, S. M., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Stockdale, L., & Day, R. D. (2011). Game On… Girls: Associations Between Co-playing Video Games and Adolescent Behavioral and Family Outcomes. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49(2), 160–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.11.249
Dring, Ch. (2020, March). What is happening with video game sales during coronavirus. GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved October 8, 2020, from https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2020-03-28-what-is-happening-with-video-game-sales-during-coronavirus
Entertainment Software Rating Board (n.d.). ESRB Game Ratings. Retrieved October 15, 2020, from https://www.esrb.org/
Folkvord, F. & van, ‚t Riet, J. (2018). The persuasive effect of advergames promoting unhealthy foods among children: A meta-analysis. Appetite, 129, 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.07.020
Geraniols, N. K. (2010, April). Hate speech corrodes online games. Games on NBCNews.com. Retrieved October 10, 2020, from http://www.nbcnews.com/id/36572021/ns/technology_and_science-games/t/hate-speech-corrodes-online-games/
Granic, I., Lobel, A., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2014). The benefits of playing video games. American Psychologist, 69(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034857
Grimes, S.M. (2015). Online Games and Children. In: The International Encyclopedia of Digital Communication and Society (eds P.H. Ang and R. Mansell). John Wiley & Sons. DOI:10.1002/9781118767771.wbiedcs108
Hall, S. (2020, May). How COVID-19 is taking gaming and esports to the next level. World Economic Forum. Retrieved October 8, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/05/covid-19-taking-gaming-and-esports-next-level/
Hastings, E. C., Karas, T. L., Winsler, A., Way, E., Madigan, A., & Tyler, S. (2009). Young children’s video/ computer game use: Relations with school performance and behaviour. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 30, 638–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840903050414
Huang, C. L., Yang, S. C., & Hsieh, L. S. (2019). The cyberbullying behavior of Taiwanese adolescents in an online gaming environment [Electronic version]. Children and Youth Services Review, 106. Retrieved October 10, 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104461
Hygen, B. W., Belsky, J., Stenseng, F., Skalicka, V., Kvande, M. N., Zahl-Thanem, T., & Wichstrom, L. (2020). Time Spent Gaming and Social Competence in Children: Reciprocal Effects Across Childhood. Child Development, 91(3), 861-875. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13243
International Age Rating Coalition (n.d.). About IARC. Retrieved October 27, 2020, from https://www.globalratings.com/about.aspx
Jackson, L. A., Witt, E. A., Games, A. I., Fitzgerald, H. E., von Eye, A., & Zhao, Y. (2012). Information Technology Use and Creativity: Findings from the Children and Technology Project. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 370–376. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.006
Kaye, L. K., & Bryce, J. (2012). Putting The “Fun Factor” Into Gaming: The Influence of Social Contexts on Experiences of Playing Videogames. International Journal of Internet Science, 7(1), 23–36.
Kiili, J. & Moilanen, J. (2019). Participation as a Methodological and Ethical Issue in Child Protection Research. Journal of Children's Services. 14(3), 143–161. DOI: 10.1108/JCS-02-2019-0009.
King, D. L.; Delfabbro, P. H.; Billieux, J. & Potenza, M. N. (2020). Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 9(2), 184–186. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.2020.00016
Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). The effects of pathological gaming on aggressive behavior. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9558-x
Lenhard, A. (2015, August). Teens, Technology and Friendships. PewResearch Center. Retrieved October 12, 2020, from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/08/06/teens-technology-and-friendships/
Lissak, G. (2018). Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: literature review and case study. Environmental Research, 164, 149–157. DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.015.
Lynch, T., Tompkins, J. E., van Driel, I. I., & Fritz, N. (2016). Sexy, Strong, and Secondary: A Content Analysis of Female Characters in Video Games across 31 Years. Journal of Communication, 66(4), 564–584. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12237
Malkowski, j. & Russworm, T.M. (2017). Gaming Representation: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Video Games. Indiana University Press.
Mannikko, N., Billieux, J., & Kaariainen, M. (2015). Problematic digital gaming behaviour and its relation to the psychological, social and physical health of Finnish adolescents and young adults. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4, 282-288. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.040
Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Serbia. (2015). National Youth Strategy for the period from 2015 to 2025. Retrieved October 6, 2020 from https://www.mos.gov.rs/wp-content/uploads/download-manager-files/nacionalna_strategija_za_mlade0101_cyr.pdf
Olson, C. K. (2010). Children’s Motivations for Video Game Play in the Context of Normal Development. Review of General Psychology, 14(2), 180–187. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018984.
Pawłowska, B., Potembska, E., & Szymańska, J. (2018). Demographic and family-related predictors of online gaming addiction in adolescents, Polish Journal of Public Health, 128(1), 9-13. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/pjph-2018-0002
Pan European Game Information (n.d.). About PEGI. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from https://pegi.info/what-do-the-labels-mean
Prensky, M. (2012). From digital natives to digital wisdom: Hopeful essays for 21st century learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Przybylski, A. K. (2014). Electronic gaming and psychosocial adjustment. Pediatrics, 134, 716–722. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-4021
Schaaf, R. & Mohan, N. (2014). Making School a Game Worth Playing: Digital Games in the Classroom. Thousand Oaks, California: Corwin.
SuperData. (2020). 2019 Year in Review: Digital games and interactive media, SuperData Research Holdings Inc. Retrieved October 8, 2020, from https://www.superdataresearch.com/reports/p/2019-year-in-review
United Nations. (1989). The Convention on the Rights of the Child. General Assembly Resolution no. 44/25, c.1. Retrieved October 6, 2020 from https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention
United Nations Children Fund. (2020). Online Gaming and Children’s Rights: Recommendations for the Online Gaming Industry on Assessing Impact on Children. UNICEF, April 2020.
United Nations Children Fund. (2019). Child Rights and Online Gaming: Opportunities & Challenges for Children and the Industry. Discussion Paper Series: Children’s Rights and Business in a Digital World. UNICEF, August 2019.
Ventura, M., Shute, V., & Zhao, W. (2013). The relationship between video game use and a performance-based measure of persistence. Computers & Education, 60, 52–58. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2012.07.003
World Health Organisation (2020). Excessive screen use and gaming considerations during #COVID19. WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Retrieved October 13, 2020, from http://www.emro.who.int/mnh/news/considerations-for-young-people-on-excessive-screen-use-during-covid19.html
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2021/10/15
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Originalni naučni članak
