EFEKTI SPECIJALNO PRILAGOĐENOG PROGRAMA KOŠARKAŠKOG TRENINGA NA FIZIČKU PRIPREMLJENOST ADOLESCENATA SA MENTALNOM RETARDACIJOM: PILOT STUDIJA
Sažetak
Uvod: Prethodne studije su utvrdile direktnu povezanost između nivoa fizičke pripremljenosti i vreme potrebnog za izvršavanje svakodnevnih zadataka kod odraslih osoba sa mentalnom retardacijom. Ovi nalazi ukazuju da fizička aktivnost može da poboljša kvalitet života osoba sa mentalnom retardacijom. Cilj sprovedenog pilot istraživanja bio je procena efekata osmonedeljnog specijalno prilagođenog programa košarkaškog treninga na fizičku pripremljenost adolescenata sa mentalnom retardacijom.
Metode: Dvanaest adolescenata (6 muškog i 6 ženkog pola, prosečne starosti 15,1 ± 1,5 god) sa mentalnom retardacijom su učestvovali u studiji. Specijalno prilagođen program košarkog treninga sproveden je četiri puta nedeljno, tokom osam uzastopnih nedelja. Svaki trening je trajao oko 30 minuta. Antropometrijska merenja obuhvatila su određivanje telesne visine, telesne težine i procenta masnog tkiva, dok je testiranjem određivana frekvencija rada srca (FS u mirovanju i FS na kraju 6 MTH) i pređena razdaljina tokom šestominutnog testa hodanja (6 MTH).
Rezultati: Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da je specijalno prilagođen program košarkog treninga doveo do poboljšanja fizičke pripremljenosti adolescenata sa mentalnom retardacijom (6 MTH razdaljina 473.7 m ±74.5 pre vs. 672.6 m ± 76.1 post, p<0.05; FS na kraju 6 MTH 122.1 otkucaja/min ± 16.5 pre vs. 116.8 otkucaja /min ± 9.4 post, p<0.05). Međutim, ova vrsta treninga nije dovela do smanjenja telesne težine ili procenta masnog tkiva ispitanika.
Zaključak: Obzirom na mali broj učesnika uključenih u studiju, dobijeni rezultati daju samo ograničene informacije o efektima sprovedenog programa, ali dozvoljavaju i usmeravaju planiranje celovitog eksperimentalnog postupka na ovu temu.
Ključne reči: mentalna retardacija, košarka, trening, fizička pripremljenost.Reference
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