Leadership styles, organizational learning and organizational competitiveness: evidence from the Republic of North Macedonia

  • Kristina Krsteska College of Business Administration; American University of the Middle East
  • Cenk Lacin Arikan College of Business Administration; American University of the Middle East
  • Viktor Mitrevski Faculty of Pedagogy – Bitola
  • Cvetko Smilevski Business Academy Smilevski - BAS, Skopje, North Macedonia; BAS Institute of Management, Bitola, North Macedonia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/sjm18-43019
Keywords: leadership styles, organizational learning, organizational competitiveness

Abstract


This study, in the Republic of North Macedonia (NM), identifies the differences between the Leadership Styles (LS) in the given context of Organizational Learning (OL), Situational Leadership (SL), and Organizational Competitiveness (OC). In addition, the study identifies specific factors which make up these constructs. The research was conducted across several industries, organizational hierarchical levels, and various work experiences. A pre-test survey was conducted on a small scale of respondents (n=79) for Organizational learning questionnaire, while the final questionnaire was administered on a larger scale (n=273), both using the convenient sampling. Results prove that there are no statistically significant differences between LS in OC, nor in the OL, while statistically significant differences existed in SL. This study also explored the existing multiple factors in LS, OL, and OC. These findings shed light on possible future research which can integrate these results and dive into further exploratory studies that can dwell into more comprehensive understanding which in effect can increase managerial implications for companies and researchers alike.

References

Ajitabh, A., & Momaya, K. (2004). Competitiveness of firms: review of theory, frameworks and models. Singapore management review, 26 (1), 45-61.

Antonakis, J., & House, R.J. (2014). Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformational–transactional leadership theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 25, 746–771.

Arikan, C.L. (2020). An Overview on Leadership Styles for Organizations. Romanian Economic and Business Review, 15 (3), 45-54.

Bhawsar, P., & Chattopadhyay, U. (2015). Competitiveness: Review, reflections and directions. Global Business Review, 16 (4), 665-679.

Crossan, M.M., Lane, H.W., White, R. E., & Djurfeldt, L. (1995). Organizational learning: Dimensions for a theory. The international journal of organizational analysis, 3 (4), 337-360.

Fahlbruch, B., & Schöbel, M. (2011). SOL–Safety through organizational learning: A method for event analysis. Safety science, 49 (1), 27-31.

Flood, R.L. (1998). “Fifth Discipline”: Review and Discussion. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 11, 259-273.

Heimann A., L. Ingold, P.V., and Kleinmann, M. (2020). Tell us about your leadership style: A structured interview approach for assessing leadership behavior constructs. The Leadership Quarterly, 31, 1-19.

Hersey, P., Blanchard, K.H., & Natemeyer, W.E. (1979). Situational Leadership, Perception, and the Impact of Power. Group & Organization Studies, 4 (4), 418–428.

Iqbal, Q., & Ahmad, N.H. (2021). Sustainable development: The colors of sustainable leadership in learning organization. Sustainable Development, 29 (1), 108-119.

Isabel Sánchez-Hernández, M., Gallardo-Vázquez, D., Barcik, A., & Dziwiński, P. (2016). The effect of the internal side of social responsibility on firm competitive success in the business services industry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 8 (2), 179-974.

Jackovics, P. (2019). Evaluation a City Emergency Management Exercise for Organizational Learning. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems: INDECS, 17(1-B), 177-186.

Kalina, J. (2017). High-dimensional data in economics and their (robust) analysis. Serbian Journal of Management, 12 (1), 157-169.

Keçeli, S., & Erdoğan, A. (2019). The effect of organizational learning ability on task and contextual performance: an application in the health sector. Trakya University Journal of Social Sciences, 21 (2), 491-510. (In Turkish)

Márkus, G. (2008). Measuring company level competitiveness in Porter's Diamond model framework. In FIKUSZ 2008 Business Sciences-Symposium for Young Researchers: Proceedings (pp. 149-158).

Matić, I. (2022). Managerial Interpersonal Competencies-Benefiting from Learning Organization Characteristics in SMEs. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 10 (1), 19–36.

Mellat-Parast, M., & Spillan, J. E. (2014). Logistics and supply chain process integration as a source of competitive advantage: An empirical analysis. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 25 (2), 289-314.

Mishra, B. & Reddy, J.M. (2021). Is “character” the link between organizational learning and learning organization? An interview with Mary M. Crossan. The Learning Organization, 28 (6), 538–545.

Norris, M., & Lecavalier, L. (2010). Evaluating the Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Developmental Disability Psychological Research. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40 (2), 8–20.

Pace, R.W., & Stephan, E.G. (1996). Paradigms of competitiveness. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal Incorporating Journal of Global Competitiveness, 6, 8-13.

Perez Lopez, S., Montes Peon, J.M., & Vazquez Ordas, C.J. (2005). Human resource practices, organizational learning and business performance. Human Resource Development International, 8 (2), 147-164.

Scipioni, S. (2021). A novel taxonomy of organizational learning contextual factors: Review of 2004–2020 top-ranked journals. Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, 9, 16-30.

Skinnarl, K.I., Asa, I. and Sharp, P. (2014), "Knowledge sharing (KS), organizational learning and competitive advantage in a scandinavian hotel company", available at: https://warwick.ac.uk/ fac/soc/wbs/conf/olkc/archive/olkc6/papers/id_110_sharp_p_skinnarland_k.pdf (accessed 22 January 2023).

Smilevski, C., Smilevski, G., Galovska, B., & Gjorgjievski, I. (2021). Mapping Organizational Learning Practices in Organizations in North Macedonia. KNOWLEDGE-International Journal, 47 (1), 17-22.

Smith, K.N., Lamb, K.N., & Henson, R.K. (2020). Making meaning out of MANOVA: The need for multivariate post hoc testing in gifted education research. Gifted Child Quarterly, 64 (1), 41-55.

Sun, P.Y., & Anderson, M.H. (2010). An examination of the relationship between absorptive capacity and organizational learning, and a proposed integration. International journal of management reviews, 12 (2), 130-150.

Tonidandel S., LeBreton J.M. (2013). Beyond step-down analysis: A new test for decomposing the importance of dependent variables in MANOVA. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98, 469-477.

Tsang, E.W. (1997), “Organizational learning and the learning organization: a dichotomy between descriptive and prescriptive research”, Human Relations, 50 (1), 73-89.

Xie, L. (2018). Leadership and organizational learning culture: a systematic literature review. European journal of training and development, 43(1/2), 76-104.

Warne R. T. (2014). A primer on multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for behavioral scientists. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 19.

Published
2023/11/16
Issue
Vol. 18 No. 2 (2023): Serbian Journal of Management
Section
Original Scientific Paper

The Author wishes to submit the Work to SJM for publication. To enable SJM to publish the Work and to give effect to the parties’ intention set forth herein, they have agreed to cede the first right to publication and republication in the SJM Journal.

 

Cession

 

The Author hereby cedes to SJM, who accepts the cession, to the copyright in and to the paper.

 

The purpose of the cession is to enable SJM to publish the Work, as first publisher world-wide, and for republication in the SJM Journal, and to grant the right to others to publish the Work world-wide, for so long as such copyright subsists;

 

SJM shall be entitled to edit the work before publication, as it deems fit, subject to the Authors approval

 

The Author warrants to SJM that:

 

- the Author is the owner of the copyright in the Work, whether as author or as reassigned from the Author’s employee and that the Author is entitled to cede the copyright to SJM;

 

- the paper (or any of its part) is not submitted or accepted for publication in any other Journal;

 

- the Work is an original work created by the Author;

 

- the Author has not transferred, ceded, or assigned the copyright, or any part thereof, to any third party; or granted any third party a licence or other right to the copyright, which may affect or detract from the rights granted to SJM in terms of this agreement.

 

The Author hereby indemnifies the SJM as a body and its individual members, to the fullest extent permitted in law, against all or any claims which may arise consequent to the warranties set forth.

 

No monetary consideration shall be payable by SJM to the Author for the cession, but SJM shall clearly identify the Author as having produced the Work and ensure that due recognition is given to the Author in any publication of the Work.

 

Should SJM, in its sole discretion, elect not to publish the Work within 1 year after the date of this agreement, the cession shall lapse and be of no further effect. In such event the copyright shall revert to the Author and SJM shall not publish the Work, or any part thereof, without the Author’s prior written consent.