Ograđena naselja u Evropi – pomodnost ili socijalni izazov?
Sažetak
Ovaj rad se bavi kod nas slabo istraživanim konceptom ograđenih naselja (politika stanovanja) koji je sredinom 20. veka razvijen u SAD, ali je u novije vreme posebno afirmisan u neoliberalnom društvu, širom sveta. Ograđena naselja postoje i u socijaldemokratskoj Evropi, te članak izučava posledice primene ovog koncepta, tj. uticaj ograđenih naselja na demokratski duh grada i demokratske i razvojne potencijale grada, na uzorku gradova u Evropi (Francuska, Britanija i Irska), uz izvlačenje pouka.
Ograđena naselja imaju brojne loše efekte na zajednicu. Vlasti za potrebe ograđenih zajednica često privatizuju saobraćajnice, javne prostore, kao i pristup preostalim javnim površinama, na štetu većine stanovnika, za koje čitavi kompleksi u gradu ostaju nedostupni. To stvara brojne socijalne, prostorne nepravde, čime se aktivno potkopava demokratski duh i kapacitet grada. Ovi procesi su u sukobu sa demokratskim konceptom otvorenog grada i modelom mešovitog stanovanja, negovanog u vreme države blagostanja.
Članak se oslanja na analize postojećih istraživanja i studija ograđenih naselja u svetu kroz indikativne primere i studije slučaja (analiza sadržaja, sinteza, generalizacija, komparacija). U ovim studijama su često korišćene statističke metode, analize promene regulative, intervjui i ankete stanara, menadžera razvoja, političara i službenika. Komparativnom metodom u ovom radu se porede sličnosti i razlike ograđenih naselja u raznim zemljama, što je osnov za zaključke i preporuke za optimalnu politiku stanovanja i razvoj gradova (sinteza).
Članak uvodi ovu izazovnu temu u prostor debate političkih i društvenih nauka (polje urbanih studija), daje prikaz postojećih posledica, te putem komparacije omogućava da sintetički dođemo do preporuka za izbor optimalne politike stanovanja (učenje iz iskustva).
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