Suočavanje sa izazovima bioloških pretnji i biološkog oružja u 21. veku
Sažetak
Biološko ratovanje je privlačilo ljude još od najstarijih vremena nastanka civilizacije. U periodu Hladnog rata biološko oružje bilo je deo arsenala obe svetske supersile. Pre tačno 50 godina potpisana je Konvencija kojom se zabranjuje proizvodnja, posedovanje, transfer i primena potencijalnih bioloških oružja. Da li su svi bili iskreni u sprovođenju odredaba Konvencije? Početak razvoja molekularne biologije označio je i potencijalnu mogućnost njene zloupotrebe u smislu stvaranja novih i opasnijih bioloških agenasa i otvorio pitanje etike u biološkim i biomedicinskim istraživanjima. Antraksna kampanja u SAD predstavlja prekretnicu nakon koje primena oružja za masovno uništenje, uključujući i biološko, postaje deo propagandnog narativa koji prati svaki lokalni ili regionalni ratni sukob vođen od tada. Epidemije i pandemije ptičjeg, svinjskog gripa, Zika virusa, kao i SARS, MERS i COVID-19, kao i sve njihove implikacije, uveravaju nas koliko je multidisiciplinaran pristup proučavanju mikroorganizama, epidemiološko-epizootoloških karakteristika istih, njihovih mikrobioloških, genetičkih, antigenskih karakteristika, kao i metoda dijagnostike, prevencije i lečenja istih značajno ne samo sa biomedicinskog, već i sa bezbednosnog aspekta. Možda je 50-godišnjica potpisivanja Konvencije pravo vreme da se postavi i pitanje zašto do sada nije konstituisano međunarodno ekspertsko telo za kontrolu njenog sprovođenja.
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