After American Exceptionalism: 21st century “Thucydides trap”
Abstract
In the centre of this interdisciplinary investigation is the issue of primary political, philosophical and social foundations of the project of liberal hegemony – as well as real-political end of this discourse in the 21stcentury. The politics of interventionism and human rights is opposed to the politics of sovereignty in such a way that the structural difference between the 20th century Western elitism and the perspective of the multipolar world is the differentiation between hierarchical systems of power and politics of equality. The constitutive part of these processes is “the rebirth of history” through which a more just order is to be established and political consequences for the world will significantly depend on whether crypto-idealistic i.e., “Wilsonian school” will prevail in the USA. Therefore, the issue whether it is possible to avoid “Thucydides Trap” in the 21st century refers to the difference between “necessary America” and “independent America”. Multipolarity as the basis of true multilateralism appears as a potentially new model for the implementation of the politics of sovereign equality.
References
Alles, D., Badie, B. (2016). Sovereignitism in the International System, Eris, 3 (2).
Arase, D. (2017). China’s Rise and Changing Order in East Asia. New York (NY): Palgrave Macmillan.
Ash, T. G. (2015). Europe’s Walls Are Back Up. The Guardian, 29th November, 2015.
Allison, G. (2017). Destined for War. Boston: Mariner Books.
Allison, G. (2015). The Thucydides Trap: Are America and China Headed for War? The Atlantic, 24 September 2015.
Badiou, A. (2012). The Rebirth of History – Times of Riots and Uprisings. New York (NY): Verso.
Biden, J. (2020). Why America Needs To Lead Again. Foreign Affairs, 99 (2).
Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: CUP.
Bremmer, I. (2015). Superpower. Beograd: CIRSD. [In Serbian]
Chaise, J. (2018). The Belt and Road Initiative. Leiden: Brill.
Clark, B. (2020). The Real Thucydides Trap. The World Today, January 2020.
Cox, M. (2016). Not Just Convenient: “China and Russia’s new strategic partnership in the age of geopolitics”, Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 1 (4).
Flockhart, T. (2016). The Coming Multi-Order World, Contemporary Security Policy, 37 (1).
Haass, R. (2018). A World in Disarray. Beograd: CIRSD. [In Serbian]
Ikenberry, J. (2018). The End of Liberal International Order?, International Affairs,94 (1).
Johnstone, A, (2011). Isolationism and Internationalism in American Foreign Relations, Journal of Transatlantic Studies, 9 (1).
Kagan, R. (2009). The Return of History and the End of Dreams. New York (NY): Vintage.
Kissinger, H. (1999). A World Restored. New York (NY): Peter Smith.
Kennedy, P. (1989). The Rise and Fall of Great Powers. New York (NY): Vintage.
Koljević-Griffith, B. (2021). The Transition of Epochs and the West at the Crossroads. Beograd: Catena Mundi – IPS. [In Serbian]
Koljević, B., Fusaro, D. (2016). The Rise of European Peoples. Beograd: Filip Višnjić. [In Serbian].
Lind, J., Press, D. (2020). American Power in an Age of Constraints. Foreign Affairs, 99 (2).
Layne, C. (2012). The End of Unipolarity and the Pax Americana, International Studies Quarterly, 2.
Mearsheimer, J. J. (2018). The Great Delusion. New Haven (NH): Yale University Press.
Thucydides. (1972). History of the Peloponnesian War. New York: Penguin Press.
Welsh, J. (2016). The Return of History. Toronto: House of Anansi Press.
Wertheim, S. (2020). Why America Shouldn’t Dominate The World. Foreign Affairs, 99 (2).
Wright, T. (2020). Why America Can’t Withdraw From The World. Foreign Affairs, 99(2).