Aspects of institutional religiosity and/or (non-) credibility of european social survey in Montenegro
Abstract
Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS) from 2018/2019 and 2020/2021, the author investigates the contemporary religious structure in Montenegro, using the variables included in the survey: religious identification, self-assessment of religiosity, attendance at religious services, and prayer. The comparison involves all three confessions in Montenegro: Orthodox, Roman Catholics, and believers of the Islamic religious community. The main goal of the research is to determine whether there has been a shift in religiosity and whether there is an emphasized distance in the religiosity of the three confessions in this country. Moreover, the goal is to get an insight into the current situation regarding religiosity in Montenegro. The working hypothesis is that there is a current stabilization of the religious structure in Montenegro and a discrepancy between religious and confessional declarations and religious practices. Hereupon, we analyse the dimensions of religiosity with regard to basic socio-demographic characteristics and political orientations. The results have shown that there is no significant discrepancy in sex structure. The connection between dimensions of religiosity and “right-wing” political orientation is also registered.
References
Acquaviva, S. (1979). The Decline of the Sacred in Industrial Society. Oxford: Blackwell.
Bakrač, V. (2013). Religion and Young People – Religiosity of Young People in Montenegro. Podgorica–Beograd. Miba Book & Narodna knjiga. [In Montenegrin]
Bakrač, V. (2022). Church and State in Montenegro: From the Serbian Orthodox Church to the Church of Serbia, Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe, Vol. 42: Iss. 9, Article 4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55221/2693-2148.2394. Available at: https:// digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol42/iss9/4.
Berger, P. L. (1966). The Sacred Canopy, Elements of Sociological Theory of Religion. New York: Anchor Books a Division of Random House. INC.
Berger, P. L. (1973). The Social Reality of Religion. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Berger, P. L. (1999). The desecularization of the world: a global overview. In: P. Berger (eds.). The Desecularization of the World: Resurgent Religion and World Politics. Washington: The Ethics and Public Policy Center and Eerdmans Publishing Co.
Bešić, M., Đukanović, B. (2000). Gods and Humans. Podgorica: CID. [In Montenegrin]
Casanova, J. (1994). Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago: Chicago University Press. [Google Scholar].
Črpić, G., Zrinščak, S. (2005). Between Identity and Everyday Life. Religiosity in Croatian Society from the European Comparative Perspective. In: J. Baloban (ed.). In Search of Identity. Comparative Study of Values: Croatia and Europe. Zagreb: Golden marketing, Tehnička knjiga. pp. 45–83. [In Croatian]
Črpić, G., Zrinščak, S. (2010). Dynamism in Stability: Religiosity in Croatia in 1999 and 2008. Društvena istraživanja, 19 (1–2), 3–27. [In Croatian]
Davie, G. (2005). Religion in Modern Europe: A Memory Mutates. Zagreb: Golden Marketing, Tehnička knjiga. [In Croatian]
Davie, G. (2005a). Europe: The Exception that Proves the Rule. In: Peter Berger (ed.). The Desecularization of the World: Resurgent Religion and World Politics. Grand Rapids: William Eerdmans.
Hervieu-Léger, D. (2000). Religion as a Chain of Memory. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Iannaccone, L. R. (1992). Religious Markets and the Economics of Religion. Social Compass, 39 (1), 123–131.
Marinović Jerolimov, D. (1995). A Multidimensional Approach in Research of Religiosity: Guidelines for Research in Croatia. Društvena istraživanja, 4 (6), 837–850. https:// hrcak.srce.hr/32255 [In Croatian]
Martin, D. (1978). A General Theory of Secularization. Oxford: Blackwell. [Google Scholar]
Martin, D. (2005). On Secularization. Towards a Revised General Theory. Aldershot: Ashgate. McGrath, A. (2022). The Twilight of Atheism: The Rise and Fall of Disbelief in the Modern World. Beograd: Biblos Books. [In Serbian]
Nikodem, K. (2010). Religiosity and Marriage/Family Attitudes in Croatia. In: G. Pickel, K. Sammet (eds.). Transformations of Religiosity: Religion and Religiosity in Eastern Europe 1989–2010. VS Verlag. [In Croatian]
Nikodem, K. (2011). Religion and Church. Questions of Institutional Religiosity in Contemporary Croatian Society. Socijalna ekologija, 20 (1), 5–30. https://hrcak.srce. hr/67436 [In Croatian]
Nikodem, K. (2012). Religiosity and Marriage. Family Attitudes in Croatia. In: G. Pickel, K. Sammet (eds.). Transformations of Religiosity: Religion and religiosity in Eastern Europe 1989–2010 (pp. 175–196). Wiesbaden: Springer VS. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3- 531-93326-9_10 [In Croatian]
Norris, P., Inglehart, R. (2004). God, guns, and gays: Religion and Politics in the US and Western Europe. 861_apsa_2004_secularization.pdf 16.9.2023. [In Croatian]
Pantić, D. (1974). Intensity of Religions and Non-Religious Orientation in Belgrade. Beograd: IDN. [In Serbian]
Stark, R., Finke, R. (2000). Acts of Faith. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. P.79. See also Rodney Stark. 1999. ‘Secularization, RIP.’ Sociology of Religion, 60 (3), 270.
Stolz, J., Könemann, J., Schneuwly Purdie, M., Englberger, T. and Krüggeler, M. (2016). (Un)believing in modern society: Religion, spirituality, and religious-secular competition. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10. 4324/9781315562711
Vrcan, S. (1990). Youth, Religion and Church. In: V. Iličin et al. Experiments on the Youth of 1980s, pp. 111–150. Zagreb: IDIS. [In Croatian]
Vukomanović, M. (1997). Character of Religious Changes in Transitional Countries: Example of Orthodox Churches in Russia and FR Yugoslavia. In: Changes of Post-Socialist Societies from Sociological Perspective. Beograd: IDN. [In Serbian]
Wilson, B. (1966). Religion in Secular Society: A Sociological Comment. London: C.A. Watts. Zrinščak, S. (2008). What is Religion and What is Religion For: A Sociological Approach.
Bogoslovska smotra, 78 (1), 25–37. https://hrcak.srce.hr/25564 [In Croatian]