Social roots of inverse nationalism
Abstract
Condescension, contempt, hostility, and even hatred towards members of one’s own society – this phenomenon has been observed in many countries. In this paper, it is called inverse nationalism, but other names used in Serbia are also mentioned, with consideration of some local indicators of this phenomenon. The second part of the paper provides an overview of the terms and descriptions of inverse nationalism in other countries (self-hatred, oikophobia, ethnomasochism, Smerdyakovism, Malinchism etc.). The third part of the paper presents some explanations of this phenomenon and indicates that it does not have the same causes in the countries of the centre of the world capitalist system and in the countries of the (semi)periphery. The most useful theoretical explanation for defining inverse nationalism in Serbia is the one given for Malinchism in Mexico: as the internalization of the neo-colonial value system in the function of normalizing neo-imperial domination.
References
Anđelković, D. (2008). Serbian national masochism: from Yugoslavism to Euro-Atlanticism. Beograd: Altera. [In Serbian]
Antonić, S. (2008). Culture war in Serbia. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike, http://skr.rs/znEa. [In Serbian]
Antonić, S. (2011a). Vichy Serbia. Beograd: Čigoja štampa, http://skr.rs/znEz. [In Serbian]
Antonić, S. (2012). Bad infinity: contributions to the sociology of Serbian society. Beograd: Službeni glasnik & Dosije, https://sn. rs/k9cdm. [In Serbian]
Antonić, S. (2022). Compradors as part of TCC: the case of Serbia, Sociološki pregled, 56 (4), 1169–1191. doi: 10. 5937/socpreg56–4144, https://sn. rs/szcyc.
Antonić, S. (2023a). The truth is a nationalist fabrication. Preface in: Nikola Kusovac, The view of a Serbian nationalist. Beograd: Informatika, 7–15. [In Serbian]
Antonić, S. (2023b). The Ukrainian war - the awakening of the Empire. Beograd: Catena mundi, https://sn. rs/04tjt. [In Serbian]
Arsić, B. (2003). Gay Serbs. In: Dušan I. Bjelić and Obrad Savić (eds.). The Balkans as a metaphor: between globalization and fragmentation, 328–351. Beograd: Beogradski krug, https://sn. rs/v0cll. [In Serbian]
Avramović, Z. (2013). Patriots and Xenophobes: Contemporary Serbian Patriotism and Nationally Disintegrative Thought and Practice. Beograd: Službeni glasnik. [In Serbian]
Avramović, Z. (2018). The existence, sources and “self-defence” of auto-chauvinism, Letopis Matice srpske, 502 (1–2), 24–35, https://sn. rs/wxwns. [In Serbian]
Baudet, T. (2013). Oikofobie, de angst voor het eigene. Amsterdam: Prometheus/Bert Bakker.
Beckeld, B. (2022). Western Self-Contempt: Oikophobia in the Decline of Civilizations, Ithaca [New York]: Northern Illinois University Press, https://sn. rs/sjz44.
Blagojević, M. (2024). Suppression of the truth about Ochaerism in science and higher education in Republic Srpska and the Republic of Serbia. Culture of cancellation and cancellation of culture: the Serbian “case”, 175–200. Andrićgrad, Višegrad: Andrićev institut. [In Serbian]
Brdar, M. (2012). Chronicle of the destroyed Troy, vol. 1. Kragujevac: Centar slobodarskih delatnosti; Bačka Palanka: Logos. [In Serbian]
Ćirjaković, Z. (2024). Against homeland ready: Serbian autochauvinism, its roots and con- sequences. Beograd: Pešić i sinovi. [In Serbian]
Ćirjaković, Z. (2022). Neocolonial Serbia: state and society in the time of Aleksandar Vučić. Beograd: Filip Višnjić. [In Serbian]
Ćirjaković, Z. (2021a). Uncovering autochauvinism: from emergence to concept. Beograd: Catena mundi. [In Serbian]
Damjanac, M. (2015). Self-hating Serbs: Serbian identity in the 21st century. Šabac: Centar akademske reči.
Despotović, Lј. (2018). Systemic autochauvinism and processes of civilizational conversion. Letopis Matice srpske, 502 (1–2), 67–77, https://sn. rs/lx8fc. [In Serbian]
Dimitrijević, V. (2007). The concept of national interest and the international position of Serbia. Between authoritarianism and democracy, Vol. 3 National and state interest of modern Serbia, edited by D. Vujadinović and V. Goati, 29–44. Beograd: Friedrich- Ebert-Stiftung & Cedet. [In Serbian]
Dostoevsky, F. M. (2007). The Brothers Karamazov. Moscow: AST, Khraniteley, Harvest. https://sn. rs/6xgr9. [In Russian]
Đogo, D. R. (2024). Accidental Serbia against Heavenly Serbia. Culture of cancellation and cancellation of culture: the Serbian “case”, 117–134. Andrićgrad, Višegrad: Andrićev institut. [In Serbian]
Đogo, D. R. (2023). The Covenant and Denial: Serbian Theology or Megalopolis. Beograd: Catena mundi. [In Serbian]
Đurković, M. (2006). The end and the beginning: politics and culture in Serbia 1999–2005. Novi Sad: Stylos. [In Serbian]
Fanon, F. (2015). Black Skin, White Masks (Peau noir, masques blancs), translated from French by O. Petronić. Novi Sad: Mediterran publishing. [In Serbian]
Fanon, F. (2017). The Wretched of the Earth (Damnés de la terre), translated from French by O. Petronić. Beograd: Fakultet za medije i komunikacije. [In Serbian]
Faye, G. (2012). Archeofuturism (L’Archéofuturisme, 1998), translated by P. Metikoš. Beograd: Centar za izučavanje tradicija Ukronija. [In Serbian]
Foucault, M. (1997). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (Surveiller et Punir: Naissance de la prison, 1975), translated from French by Ana A. Jovanović. Beograd: Prosveta. [In Serbian]
Gajić, A. (2018). The “secret connection” of cosmopolitanism and autochauvinism, Letopis Matice srpske, 502 (1–2), 78–88. https://sn. rs/mvxw9. [In Serbian]
Gajić, A. (2020). Serbian cultural space facing the challenges of the future. Serbian cultural space: structure, problems, values, proceedings from the gathering held in Matica srpska on 17th–18th May 2019, 179–193. Novi Sad: Matica srpska. [In Serbian]
González Casanova, P. (2006). Sociología de la explotación. Buenos Aires: CLACSO. http:// skr. rs/zGt8.
Gordić, S. (2018). Autochauvinism and cosmopolitanism, Letopis Matice srpske, 502 (1–2), 20–23, https://sn. rs/v7khc. [In Serbian]
Hume, L. J. (1993). Another Look at the Cultural Cringe. Sydney: The Centre for Independent Studies, https://sn.rs/p3316.
Hurtado, G. (2022). Notas para una crítica filosófica del malinchismo, Journal of Mexican Philosophy, 1 (1), 39–53. DOI: 10. 6084/m9. figshare.19344773, https://sn. rs/tedtm.
Jovanović, B. (2009). Dictionary of Nonsense. Novi Sad: Prometej. [In Serbian]
Kecmanović, D. (2001). Ethnic times. Beograd: Čigoja štampa & Knjižara Krug. [In Serbian]
Knežević, M. (2022). Serbian starting point: freedom, nation, state. Vol. 1, National Perspective. Beograd: Institut za političke studije. [In Serbian]
Leksin, V. N. (2016). The destiny of civilizations and the Russian question: Experience in System Diagnostics. Moscow: Lenand. [In Russian]
Lessing, T. (1930). Der jüdische Selbsthaß. Berlin: Jüdischer Verlag, https://sn. rs/cdffv.
Lisson, F. (2022). The contempt for one’s own. Causes and course of cultural self-hatred in Europe, translated by Nikola Živković. Beograd: Informatika. [In Serbian]
Lompar, M. (2022a). The spirit of self-denial: a contribution to the critique of Serbian cultural policy; In the shadow of foreign rule, 12th edition. Beograd: Catena mundi. [In Serbian]
Lompar, M. (2022b). Between the traditional and the global mind, afterword in Frank Lisson, The contempt for one’s own. Causes and course of cultural self-hatred in Europe, 379–421. Beograd: Informatika. [In Serbian]
Memi, A. (2015). Portrait of the colonizer and portrait of the colonized, with the preface by Jean-Paul Sartre, translated from French by Branko Rakić. Višegrad: Andrićev institut. [In Serbian]
Meyer, D. (2008). Why we hate us: American discontent in the new millennium. New York: Crown Publishers.
Mihailescu, V. (2003). “Balkanism of the Mind”. In: Dušan I. Bjelić i Obrad Savić (eds.). The Balkans as a metaphor: between globalization and fragmentation, 192–200. Beograd: Beogradski krug. [In Serbian]
Pavlović, D., Antonić, S. (2008). Reply to critics. In: Dušan Pavlović (ed.). Consolidation of democratic institutions in Serbia - one year later, pp. 135–182. Beograd: Službeni glasnik. [In Serbian]
Pereira, G. (2020). Malinchism as a social pathology. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 47 (10), October 7, https://sn. rs/u0pk6.
Primakov, E. M. (1999). Years in big politics. Moscow: Kolekcia “Soveršeno sekretno”. [In Russian]
Radonjić, G. (2018). Between the Barrel and Utopia: Fragments on Cosmopolitanism and Autochauvinism, Letopis Matice srpske, 502 (1–2), 60–66, https://sn. rs/8h1bd. [In Serbian]
Reljić, M. (2018). On the language of (self) hatred in the discourse of alienated cosmo- politans, Letopis Matice srpske, 502 (1–2), 46–59, https://sn. rs/l18bz. [In Serbian]
Rimonte, N. (1997). Colonialism’s Legacy: The Inferiorizing of the Filipino, Filipino Americans: transformation and identity, edited by Maria P. P. Root, 39–61, Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, http://skr. rs/zGlO.
Rodó, J. E. (1900). Ariel. Montevideo: Imprenta de Dornaleche y Reyes.
Ruhil, R. (2015). The Roots of “Brown Sahib Medical Men’s” Burden, Indian Journal of Community Health, vol. 27 (4), 429–434, https://sn. rs/6mgm9.
Scruton, R. (2004). England and the Need for Nations. London: Civitas, https://sn. rs/smtm9.
Sergeev, S. M. (2013). How is Russian Russophobia Possible? Questions of Nationalism, 1 (13), 66–85, https://sn.rs/3cupk. [In Russian]
Stojanović, S. (1999). Nation, Nationalism and Citizenism, Filozofija i društvo, 25, 13–24.
Stojanović, S. (2000). On the Serbian part of Titonic. Beograd: Filip Višnjić & Centar za socijalna istraživanja. [In Serbian]
Šijaković, B. (2018). Stigmatization, identity, historical responsibility. Letopis Matice srpske, 502 (1–2), 36–45, https://sn. rs/yzfis. [In Serbian]
Šljukić, S. (2020). Serbian culture in conflict, Serbian cultural space: structure, problems, values, proceedings from the gathering held in Matica srpska on 17th–18th May 2019, 139–143. Novi Sad: Matica srpska. [In Serbian]
Šljukić, S. (2018). Autochauvinism and conflict, Letopis Matice srpske, 502 (1–2), 13–19, https://sn. rs/znmvb. [In Serbian]
Trkulja, J. (2024). Ostracism of intellectuals in Serbia, Culture of cancellation and cancel- lation of culture: the Serbian “case”, 15–68. Andrićgrad, Višegrad: Andrićev institut. [In Serbian]
Vittachi, T. (1962). The Brown Sahib. London: Andre Deutsch, https://sn. rs/jwuf3.
Vladušić, S. (2018). Literature and Commentaries: A Guide to Armed Rebellion, 2nd edition. Beograd: Službeni glasnik. [In Serbian]
Vladušić, S. (2023). The Covenant and the Megalopolis. Novi Sad: Bitije. [In Serbian]
Vučinić, M. (2012). Other Serbia: on dead watch of political correctness. Beograd: Službeni glasnik. [In Serbian]
Vujadinović, D. (2007). What is Serbia’s rational national and state interest?. Between au- thoritarianism and democracy, Vol. 3 National and State Interest of Modern Serbia, edited by D. Vujadinović and V. Goati, 9–28. Beograd: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung & Cedet. [In Serbian]
Internet sources/Вебографија (интернет извори)
Alispahić, F. (2010). Chauvinistic vermin, Minber.ba, 8th February, https://sn.rs/c8hb3.
Alispahić, F. (2014). Bosniak merhamet or naivety?, Saff, 4th July, https://sn.rs/klszp.
Antić, Č. (2010). Autochauvinists, Politika, 21st October, http://skr.rs/zGyH.
Antonić, S. (2024). Vojvodina: “a nation in the making”, Iskra, 14th March, https://sn.rs/lh20m.
Bangash, Z. (2005). The modern Brown Sahibs, Crescent International, 4th January, https://sn.rs/pei32.
Beckeld, B. (2019). “Oikophobia”: Our Western Self-Hatred, Quillette, 7th October, https://sn.rs/0eiot.
Beta (2021). “Glas” participates in the inter-party dialogue, Vesti, 10th May, https://sn.rs/m6r4o.
Birt, Y. (2021). A Brown Sahib’s Lament: Ed Husain Among the Minarets, Medium, 8th June, http://skr.rs/zGyy.
Brito, F. F. (2021). Complejo de Guacanagarix y selección adversa. Empírica, 21st June, https://sn.rs/iodfq.
Bursać, D. (2021). Who is disturbing our beloved war criminals?, Autonomija, 4th February, https://sn.rs/4oeir.
Bursać, D. (2023). Serbia the day after the election: everything is the same, only Bosnian Serbs became citizens, Autonomija, 18th December, https://sn.rs/pbuel.
Ćirjaković, Z. (2021b). Lesson of the anatomy of autochauvinism (2), Novi Standard, 15th January, https://sn.rs/6fj4l.
Ćuk, A. (2020). God loves Serbs with beans and beer, Danas, 20th June, https://sn.rs/3212j.
David, M. (2014). Let’s go to the right - traditional and national (news), Radio Slobodna Evropa, 31st October, https://sn.rs/mwelb.
Desai, R. N. (2021). The brown sahib syndrome: Rising rage of ‘greater Indians’ against rising voices of ‘lesser Indians’, Firstpost, December 10, https://sn.rs/oexs4.
Díaz, M. G. (2021). El malinchismo es una enfermedad social de los mexicanos ligada a un complejo de inferioridad hacia lo extranjero, BBC News Mundo, 3rd Septiember, https://sn.rs/skzpi.
Dimitrijević, U. (2018). All day I behaved as “Serbian” as possible, Vice, 13th January, https://sn.rs/5t6v1.
Gligorov, V. (2015). Words, Peščanik, 26th February, https://sn.rs/63mce.
Gruhonjić, D. (2011). Belgrade, good night!, Autonomija, 1st October, https://sn.rs/u3635.
Gruhonjić, D. (2021). There is no happy end, Autonomija, 18th July, https://sn.rs/neloh.
Gusinac, A. (2020). Professor Sead Šemsović, PhD, about the Bosnian language and Bosniak literature for sebilj.net: “Literature is a mine from which language is exploited like an ore”, Tutin Press, 5th November, https://sn.rs/q5he7.
Hari, V. E. (2018). VS Naipaul: The brown sahib’s lament, The Week, 12th August, https://sn.rs/wu2oo.
HO (2023). Serbia: a captive society, Report of the Helsinki Committee, Beograd: Helsinški odbor za ljudska prava u Srbiji, http://skr.rs/zGlG.
Holjevac, M. (2012). Twenty-one years of independence, or why the Croats do not like themselves, Fizzit.net, 20th October, https://sn.rs/v1djo.
Holmogorov, E. (2016). Excruciating Russianness, Ja russkii, 8th May, https://sn.rs/6youd.
Ilić, D. (2022). Spies are all around us., Peščanik, 17th June, https://sn.rs/jfaj4.
Kapoor, V. (2020). Brown Sahib Syndrome, LinkedIn, 16th November, https://sn.rs/7atys.
Kirby, T. (2012). The religion of self-hatred, RosBalt, 18th July, https://sn.rs/j50lq.
Kišjuhas, A. (2012). Twitter account “Aleksej Kišjuhas @kisjuhas”, 12th October, http://skr.rs/zGl0.
Ković, M. (2023). Autochauvinism of Serbs and Russians: illusions stronger than experience, RT Balkan, 11th January, https://sn.rs/amzra.
Krstić, N. (2019). Women against Frankenstein’s Serbia, Danas, 19th July, https://sn.rs/uoejm.
Labović, Lj. (2023). Nenad Prokić: Montenegro becomes Vučić’s area, on the eternal road to the EU, Pobjeda, 6th August, https://sn.rs/5ye21.
Letica, S. (2018). Why do we Croats hate our own country, homeland, and even ourselves, Večernji list, 8th March, https://sn.rs/4qx06.
Mariotti, H. (2007). O Complexo de Inferioridade do Brasileiro, Instituto de Pesquisa BSP, 25th December, https://sn.rs/iqmrq.
Marković, R. (2023). The profession of Serb and evolution, Danas, 16th June, https://sn.rs/p3umh.
Milenković, I. (2023). A non-contemporary novel, Vreme, 3rd November, https://sn.rs/95eho.
Milojević, N. (2018). We have the Serbia we deserve, Interview – Vladimir Arsenijević, Vreme, 25th July, https://sn.rs/gnfm1.
Nikolyskaya, T. (2017). Russian self-hatred, Russkoe pole, https://sn.rs/bh1zs.
Nonin, G. (2023). We are drowning in self-pity., Interview – Vladimir Arsenijević, Vreme, 21st June, https://sn.rs/wzusq.
Ofir, J. (2017). “Auto-anti-Semitism!“ Naftali Bennett declares war on Jewish self-hatred in Israel, Mondoweiss, 27th August, https://sn.rs/6zfxf.
Padev, I. (2020). Brown sahibs among us and in us, Plus Info (Infomaks.mk), 12th December, https://sn.rs/l60yv.
Pantić, M. (2023). Bosnian buses and Bulgarian trains, Danas, 19th December, https://sn.rs/u1vxs.
Peščanik (2006). Sloba from delivery, TV program, Peščanik, 24th March, https://sn.rs/zakzh.
PP (2019). Implementation of the Bosnian language in Prijepolje, PP Media, 25th March, https://sn.rs/ksnmv.
Radev, I. (2023). Brown sahibs among us and in us, translated from Macedonian by Darko Andonovski, Princip info, 15th March, https://sn.rs/hk58f.
RTV (2013). Gruhonjić: Whoever burns flags today will burn people tomorrow, Autonomija, 14th January, https://sn.rs/kuql7.
Samardžić, N. (2021). Twitter account “Nikola Samardzic @username_ns”, 10th May, http://skr.rs/zGVA.
Samsonov, A. (2022). Kozyrev: “Russia has no national interests”, Voennoe obozrenie, 5th March, https://sn.rs/jahp5.
Sejdinović, N. (2021). Daško Milinović: Both before and after Yugoslavia, we are nothing, Al Jazeera Balkan, 17th July, https://sn.rs/0joia.
Svintila, V. (2001). The general abomination of Bulgarian life, Literaturen vesnik, 25th April – 1st May, No. 16, https://sn.rs/ku19v.
Šunjić, V. (2021). Dinko Gruhonjić for Prometej.ba: The ghettoization of nations did not start by itself, but was planned and led by chauvinists. Interview, Prometej.ba, 30th March, https://sn.rs/cn0cf.
Taranto, J. (2010). Oikophobia: Why the liberal elite finds Americans revolting. The Wall Street Journal, 27th August, https://sn.rs/9z47v.
Ugričić, S. (2006). Patriotism as contempt, Peščanik, 30th June, https://sn.rs/4ogvw.
Ugričić, S. (2008). Offended Serbs, Peščanik, 22nd April, https://sn.rs/36y81.
Uzelac, I. (2019a). Twitter account “Ivana Uzelac @madreiv”, 4th August, http://skr.rs/zGlS.
Uzelac, I. (2019b). Twitter account “Ivana Uzelac @madreiv”, 5th August, http://skr.rs/zGlK.
Uzelac, I. (2019c). Twitter account “Ivana Uzelac @madreiv”, 5th August, http://skr.rs/zGlE.
Uzelac, I. (2019d). Twitter account “Ivana Uzelac @madreiv”, 5th August, http://skr.rs/zGlU.
VL (2018). Demonization of homeland spreads unstoppably: Is there too much hatred and disparagement?, Večernji list, 9th March, https://sn.rs/o5wmh.
Vladušić, S. (2014). Global frameworks of autochauvinism among Serbs, Novi polis, 25th December, https://sn.rs/9a4fn.
We (2024). Cipayo, Wikipedia español, https://sn.rs/qxxw6.
Wh (2024a). National self-hatred, subcategory of “self-hatred”, Wikipedia in Croatian, https://sn.rs/qbx61.
Wh (2024b). Cultural flattery, Wikipedia in Croatian, https://sn. rs/cplc2. Wr (2024). Smerdyakovism, Wikipedia in Russian, https://sn.rs/g9plr.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sociološki pregled
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.