Security and privacy within smart cities

Keywords: smart city, information and communication technologies, security, privacy, personal data

Abstract


The global trend of increasing urbanization and expansion of cities in recent decades has caused numerous problems in their functioning. The rapid development of information and communication technologies has emerged as a solution to these problems and led to the emergence of so-called smart cities. A smart city is conceived as a new model of a city that generates and processes enormous amounts of digital data with the aim of optimizing urban infrastructure and improving living conditions. However, the use of new technologies has raised many questions and caused concerns about the way these technologies are used and the possibilities of misuse of collected data. The paper describes the key characteristics of the smart city architecture and analyzes the issues of threats to the security and privacy of citizens opened up by it. The sources and forms of threats to security and privacy in smart cities are numerous, interconnected and require a detailed analysis from a technical-technological, sociological and legal perspective.

References

Ahmed, S. (2020). Security and Privacy in Smart Cities: Challenges and Opportunities International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 68 (2), 1-8. DOI: 10.14445/22315381/IJETT-V68I2P201.

Al-Turjman, F, Zahmatkesh, H., Shahroze, R. (2019). An overview of security and privacy in smart cities’ IoT communications. Trans Emerging Tel Tech, e3677. DOI: 10.1002/ett.3677.

Bergstrom, A. (2015). Online privacy concerns: A broad approach to understanding the concerns of different groups for different uses. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 419-426. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.025.

Buzan, B. (1983). People, states, and fear: the national security problem in international relations. Wheatsheaf Books.

Budak, J., Rajh, E., Recher, V. (2017). Citizens’ privacy concerns: does national culture matter?. In: M. Friedewald et al. (eds.). Surveillance, Privacy and Security, 36-51. Routledge.

Cecco, L. (2019, June 6). ‘Surveillance capitalism’: critic urges Toronto to abandon smart city project. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/jun/06/toronto-smart-city-google-project-privacy-concerns.

Dameri, R. P. (2013). Searching for smart city definition: a comprehensive proposal. International Journal of computers & technology, 11 (5), 2544-2551.

DataGenetics. (n. d.). PIN analysis. Available at: http://www.datagenetics.com/blog/september32012/.

Danilović Hristić, N. (2016). Languish After Safety in the Urban Life. In: Conference Proceedings, Fourth Internation Conference and Exhibition, On Architecture: Scale of Design - From Micro to Macro, STRAND, 14, 43-51.

Danilović Hristić, N., Stefanović, N., Putnik, N. (2021). The Real Effects of The Use of Security Cameras in Public Urban Spaces and Controversies Related to Privacy Protection. In: A. Gul, O. Demirel & S. Seydo§oglu (eds.). The ProceedingBook - 1st International Architectural Sciences and Applications Symposium, 1296-1303. ISPEC Publishing House.

Emami-Naeini, P., Breda, J., Dai, W., Kohno, T., Laine, K., Patel, S., Roesner, F. (2023). Understanding People’s Concerns and Attitudes Toward Smart Cities. In: A. Schmidt et al., (eds.). Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘23) (Article No.: 71, 1-24). New York: Association for Computing Machinery. DOI: 10.1145/3544548.3581558.

Evans, L. (2018). The privacy parenthesis: Private and public spheres, smart cities and big data. Creatingsmart cities, 194-204. DOI: 10.4324/9781351182409.

Finn, R. L., Wright, D., Friedewald, M. (2013). Seven Types of Privacy. In: S. Gutwirth et al. (eds.). European Data Protection: Coming of Age, 3-32. Dordrecht: Springer. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5170-5_1.

Fox, G., Clohessy, T., Van der Werff, L., Rosati, P., Lynn, T. (2021). Exploring the competing influences of privacy concerns and positive beliefs on citizen acceptance of contact tracing mobile applications. Computers in Human Behavior, 121, 106806. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106806.

General Data Protection Regulation, 2018. https://gdpr-info.eu/

Gil-Garcia, J. R., Pardo, T. A., Nam, T. (2015). What makes a city smart? Identifying core components and proposing an integrative and comprehensive conceptualization. Information Polity, 20 (1), 61-87. DOI: 10.3233/IP-150354.

Hallinan, D., Friedewald, M., McCarthy, P. (2012). Citizens’perceptions of data protection and privacy in Europe. Computer Law & Security Review, 28 (3), 263-272. DOI: 10.1016/j.clsr.2012.03.005.

Lombardi, P., Giordano, S., Farouh, H., Yousef, W. (2012). Modelling the smart city per- formance. The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25 (2), 137-149. DOI: 10.1080/13511610.2012.660325.

Marković, J. (2023). Information security in the function of business continuity manage- ment. Savremene studije bezbednosti, 1 (2), 11-28. DOI: 10.5937/ssb202301011M. [In Serbian].

McClain, C., Faverio, M., Anderson, M., Park, E. (2023). How Americans View Data Privacy. Pew Research Center. Available at: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2023/10/18/how-americans-view-data-privacy/.

Nam, T. (2018). What determines the acceptance of government surveillance? Examining the influence of information privacy correlates. The Social Science Journal, 56, 530-544. DOI: 10.1016/j.soscij.2018.10.001.

Population Data Portal UNFPA. (n. d.). Percentage of population residing in urban areas. Available at: https://arcg.is/1DuzC1.

Praharaj, S., Han, H. (2019). Cutting through the clutter of smart city definitions: A reading into the smart city perceptions in India. City, Culture and Society, 18, 100289. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccs.2019.05.005.

Putnik, N. R., Milošević, M. M., Cvetković, V. N. (2022). Ransomware as a security threat - Social and criminal legislation aspects. Sociološkipregled, 56 (1), 328-353. DOI: 10.5937/socpreg56-36845.

Silva, B. N., Khan, M., Han, K. (2018). Towards sustainable smart cities: A review of trends, architectures, components, and open challenges in smart cities. Sustainable cities and society, 38, 697-713. DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.053.

Thomas, V., Mullagh, L., Wang, D., Dunn, N. (2015). Where’s Wally? In Search of Citizen Perspectives on the Smart City. In: D. Kim et al. (eds.). Proceedings of the 8th Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU). Basel: MDPI. DOI:10.3390/ifou-A001.

Thompson, N., McGill, T., Bunn, A., Alexander, R. (2020). Cultural factors and the role of privacy concerns in acceptance of government surveillance. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 71 (9), 1129-1142. DOI: 10.1002/asi.24372.

United Nations Human Settlements Programme [UN-Habitat]. (2021). CenteringPeople in Smart Cities: A playbook for local and regional governments. United Nations. Available at: https://unhabitat.org/programme/people-centered-smart-cities/people-centered-smart-cities-playbooks.

Van Zoonen, L. (2016). Privacy Concerns in Smart Cities. Government Information Quarterly, 33 (3), 472-480. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2016.06.004.

Young, A. L., Quan-Haase, A. (2013). Privacy protection strategies on Facebook: The Internet privacy paradox revisited. Information, Communication &Society, 16 (4), 479-500. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2013.777757.

Published
2025/04/28
Section
Review scientific paper