Siromaštvo i nejednakost u savremenoj Portugaliji: uticaj politika štednje i lekcije za budućnost
Sažetak
U Evropskoj uniji, Portugalija je jedna od zemalja s najvišim nivoima siromaštva i nejednakosti. To je stvarnost koja će biti u fokusu ovog rada. Tekst daje statističke podatke koji ilustruju razvoj siromaštva i nejednakost prihoda tokom poslednje decenije (2011–2019), a poslužiće kao osnov za kritičku analizu posledica ekonomskih ciklusa. Pre svega, to se odnosi na način na koji je spoj ekonomije (finansijska kriza), politike (plan štednje) i socijalnog konteksta (nedostatak socijalnog takmičenja) uticao na pogoršanje tokom perioda 2011–2014. Iz analize možemo da razvijemo argument da ukoliko negativan spoj ova tri faktora čini zemlju siromašnijom i sa više nejednakosti, pozitivan spoj istih faktora mogao bi zauzvrat da dovede do značajnog napretka u borbi protiv siromaštva i socijalne nejednakosti.
Reference
Arnold, J., Rodrigues, C. F. (2015). Reducing inequality and poverty in Portugal. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 1258. Paris: OECD Publishing. doi: 10.1787/5jrw21ng3ts3-en
Atkinson, A. B. (2015). Inequality – What Can Be Done?. London: Harvard University Press.
Caldas, J. C. (2012). The Consequences of Austerity Policies in Portugal, FES International Policy Analysis. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Foundation.
Correia, L. (2016). The European Crisis: Repercussions on the Portuguese Economy. Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies, 2(2), 129-144.
Cunha, J., Braz, C. (2009). The main trends in public finance developments in Portugal: 1986-2008. Occasional Paper nº 1. Lisbon: Bank of Portugal.
European Anti-Poverty Network [EAPN] et al (2015), Eradicating Poverty: Commitment to a National Strategy. Porto: EAPN. [in Portuguese].
European Commission (2007). Special Eurobarometer 279 - Poverty and Exclusion. Brussels, European Commission.
Fonseca, P., Ferreira, M.J. (2015). Through, ‘seas never before sailed’: Portuguese government discursive legitimation strategies in a context of financial crisis. Discourse and Society 26 (6), 682–711.
Glatzer, M. (2018). Portugal’s Social and Labour Market Policy: The Crisis, the Troika and Beyond. Portuguese Studies 34 (1), 104-118.
INE – Statistics Portugal (2019). Income and Living Conditions 2019 (Provisional data). Lisbon: INE – Statistics Portugal.
Lopes, J. D. (2004). The Portuguese Economy since 1960. Lisbon: Gradiva Publicações, Lda.[in Portuguese].
Milanovic, B. (2016). Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization. London: Harvard University Press.
Monteiro, A. (2014). The Active Role of Community-Based Organizations in the Local Redefinition of National Policies. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala nº 46,203-215. Avaliable at https://www.rcis.ro/images/documente/rcis46_15.pdf
Monteiro, A. A. (2019). Understanding Social Exclusion. Lisbon: Mundos Sociais. [in Portuguese].
Moury, C., Freire, A. (2013). Austerity Policies and Politics: The Case of Portugal. Pôle Sud nº 39, 35-56.
Moury, C., Standring, A. (2017). ‘Going beyond the Troika’: Power and discourse inPortuguese austerity. European Journal of Political Research n. 56, 660–679. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12190
Nunes, A. B. (2011). The International Monetary Fund’s stand-by arrangements with Portugal. An ex-ante application of the Washington Consensus? Lisbon: GHES.
Pereira, P. T., Wemans, L. (2012). Portugal and the global financial crisis: short-sighted politics, deteriorating public finances and the bailout imperative. ISEG Working papers, WP 26/2012/DE/UECE. Lisbon: ISEG.
Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the 21st Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Piketty, T. (2019, November 29). “I propose a tax that would give everyone 120,000 euros over 25 years”, interview by Marc Bassets. El País – Ideas Supplement 29 november 2019. Available at https://elpais.com/elpais/2019/11/22/ideas/1574426613_189002.html.
Rodrigues, C. F., Figueiras, R., Junqueira, V. (2016). Introduction to the study - Inequality of Income and Poverty in Portugal, 2009-2014. Lisbon: FFMS. [in Portuguese].
Sakellarides, C., Castelo-Branco, L., Barbosa, P., Azevedo, H. (2014). The impact of the financial crisis on the health system and health in Portugal. Copenhagen: World Health Organization.