Pravo na privatnost i zaštita ličnih podataka u doba pandemije COVID-19
Sažetak
Tokom pandemije virusa COVID-19 pojedinci i društvo u celini primarno su se suočili sa izazovima u oblasti očuvanja zdravlja, fizičkog i mentalnog, ali i sa nizom drugih problema koji su prouzrokovani virusom i različitim merama koje su se, pre svega, odnosile na ograničenje slobode kretanja i okupljanja. Osim zdravstvenih aspekata globalne pandemije i njenog uticaja na svetsku privredu i ekonomiju, izuzetno su značajni sociološki i pravni aspekti, posebno u oblasti poštovanja i zaštite zajemčenih ljudskih prava kao jednog od osnovnih postulata savremenog demokratskog društva. Kada i u kom obimu je njihovo ograničenje opravdano i svrsishodno i gde se nalaze granice delovanja državne vlasti i njenih predstavnika u situacijama kada se pred njih stavlja obaveza zaštite opšte bezbednosti i javnog zdravlja stanovništva, pitanja su koja su oduvek izazivala brojne polemike i oprečna mišljenja. Danas pojedinci, različite nevladine, regionalne i svetske organizacije pokušavaju da odgovore na pitanje da li je tokom perioda za nama čovek kao centralni subjekt pravne zaštite bio viđen očima poštovanja, saosećanja i ljubavi onih kojima je poverio da u njegovo ime donose odluke ili je ljudsko dostojanstvo slobodnog čoveka žrtvovano zarad političkih i finansijskih interesa pojedinaca i određenih interesnih grupa. Život u digitalnoj eri i ubrzani razvoj digitalnih tehnologija aktuelizovali su pitanje zaštite privatnosti i ličnih podataka, naročito u periodu poslednje globalne pandemije i pojave mobilnih aplikacija za praćenje kontakata obolelih. Ovo je postavilo pitanje usaglašenosti njihove upotrebe sa pravnom regulativom na međunarodnom i nacionalnom planu u oblasti zaštite ljudskih prava.
Reference
Constitution of the Republic of Serbia (2006). Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije 98/2006 [In Serbian]
Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA, https://eurlex.europa.eu/legalcontent/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016L0680&-from=EN
European Parliament Resolution of 17 April 2020 on EU coordinated action to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences (2020/2616(RSP)). (2020, 17 April). Brussels. Available at https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2020-0054_EN.html
Greene, А. Derogating from the European Convention on Human Rights in Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic: If not Now, When? (2020, April 14). Forthcoming, European Human Rights Law Review 2020. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3593358
Guild, E., Mendos Kuskonmaz, E. (2020, 4 May). COVID-19: A New Struggle over Privacy, Data Protection and Human Rights? European Law Blog – News and Comments on EU Law. Available at https://europeanlawblog.eu/2020/05/04/covid-19-a-new-struggleover-privacy-data-protection-and-human-rights/
Human Rights Watch, Mobile Location Data and COVID-19: Q&A. (2020, May 13). Available at https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/13/mobile-location-data-and-covid-19-qa
Joint Statement on the right to data protection in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by Alessandra Pierucci, Chair of the Committee of Convention 108 and Jean-Philippe Walter, Data Protection Commissioner of the Council of Europe, (2020, 30 March). Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Available at https://rm.coe.int/covid19-joint-statement/16809e09f4
Law on Confirming the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data, Službeni list Savezne Republike Jugoslavije – međunarodni ugovori, 1/92, Službeni list Srbije i Crne Gore – međunarodni ugovori, 11/2005 – other law and Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije – međunarodni ugovori , 98/2008 – other law, and 12/2010) [In Serbian]
Law on Healthcare, Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije 25/2019. [In Serbian]
Law on Health-Related Documentation and Records, Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije, 123/2014, 106/2015, 105/2017, 25/2019. [In Serbian]
Law on Patients’ Rights, Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije 45/2013, 25/2019. [In Serbian]
Law on Personal Data Protection, Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije, 87/2018. [In Serbian]
Law on Ratification of the European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Službeni list Srbije i Crne Gore – međunarodni ugovori, 9/2003, 5/2005 and 7/2005 – corr., and Službeni glasnik Republike Srbije – međunarodni ugovori, 12/2010 and 10/2015. [In Serbian]
Lazarević, M. Bajić, D. (2020, May 8). COVID-19 tracing app in Serbia – How to pave the road with trust, transparency and inclusion, Policy Brief, European Policy Centre. Available at https://cep.org.rs/en/publications/brief-covid-19-tracing-app-in-serbia/
Mühlhoff, R. We Need to Think Data Protection Beyond Privacy: Turbo-Digitalization after COVID-19 and the Biopolitical Shift of Digital Capitalism (2020, March 30). Medium 2020. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3596506 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3596506
Protocol amending the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data, CETS No. 223. (2018, 10 April). Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Available at https://rm.coe.int/16808ac918
Recommendation CM/Rec(2019)2 of the Committee of Ministers to member States on the protection of health-related data. (2019, March 27). Available at https://search.coe.int/cm/Pages/result_details.aspx?ObjectId=090000168093b26e
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation). Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679
Sander, B. Belli, L. COVID-19 Symposium: COVID-19, Cyber Surveillance Normalisation and Human Rights Law. (2020). Available at http://opiniojuris.org/wp-content/uploads/B.-Sander-J.-Rudall-eds-COVID-19-and-International-Law-Opinio-JurisSymposium-copy-1.pdf
Statement on the processing of personal data in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak. (2020, March 20). European Data Protection Board. Available at https://edpb.europa.eu/our-work-tools/our-documents/other/statement-processing-personal-data-context-covid-19-outbreak_en