PSIHOLOŠKE TEORIJE I MODELI SAMOUBISTVA I SUICIDALNOG PONAŠANJA
Sažetak
Prema podacima Svetske zdravstvene organizacije svakih 40 sekundi neko negde u svetu izvrši samoubistvo, dok je broj suicidalnih pokušaja koji se ne završe fatalnim ishodom dvadeset puta veći u odnosu na broj suicida sa smrtnim ishodom. Decenijama u nazad stručnjaci razvijaju teorije i modele kojima pokušavaju da objasne zašto ljudi izvršavaju samoubistvo, istovremeno nastojeći da obezbede „alat“ pomoću kog će biti omogućena uspešna predikcija suicidalnog ponašanja pojedinaca i ukazujući na oblasti u kojima se čini da ima prostora za preventivno delovanje. Ipak, činjenica da statistički pokazatelji i dalje ukazuju na to da je samoubistvo među vodećim uzrocima smrti svedoči o manjkavosti dostupnih teorija i uopšte pristupa izučavanju ovog fenomena. U ovom radu dat je pregled odabranih psiholoških teorija i modela koji objašnjavaju različite psihološke mehanizme nastanka suicidalne ideacije i suicidalnog ponašanja: psihoanalitičke teorije samoubistva, dijateza-stres modeli, kognitivno-bihejvioralni modeli samoubistva, kompleksni (integrativni) modeli i evolucioni modeli i kao takav ovaj rad nudi konceptualni okvir za razumevanje samoubistva iz psihološke perspektive.
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