VRATNA KINESTEZIJA KAO ZNAČAJAN DOPRINOS U ZAŠTITI POSTURALNE STABILNOSTI KOD TEKVONDO BORACA
Sažetak
Taekvondo sportistima je potrebna dobra posturalna stabilnost da bi održali taktičku superiornost nad protivnikom. Posturalnu ravnotežu kontroliše somatosenzorni, vizuelni i vestibularni sistem. Vratni segment kičme je u direktnoj vezi sa vizuelnim i vestibularanim sistemom, poseduje obilje receptora u vezivnom tkivu kičme. Specifični zaštitni položaji u tekvodu karakterisan je rotacijom vrata i glave, te upravo aferentni deficit na nivou vratne kičme može uticati na promenu ravnoteže. Cilj ove studije je da ispita povezanost kinestezije regije vrata i ravnoteže, pri specifičnom zaštitnom položaju kod tekvondo boraca.
U studiji je učestvovalo 16 tekvondo boraca (starosti 22±1,3. god) nacionalnog ranga. Tenzo platformom (Bilateral force plate, S2P, Ljubljana, Slovenia) je procenjena posturalna ravnoteža na jednoj nozi pri položaju vrata pod uglom od 0° i uglom 90°. Kinestetička svesnostvratne kičme, procenjivana je Baterflaj testom (Butterfly Method) putem Nekker sistema (NeckCare ehf., Reykjavik, Iceland). Statistički značajna korelacija uočena je za vrednosti standardne devicije kašnjenja (Undeshoot SD), pri poziciji vrata pod uglom od 90°, a pri stajanju na nedominantni nozi. Ove korelacije su najzapaženije za srednje vrednosti amplitude kretanja pri medijalno lateralnom pravcu (r ˃ 0,85) i pri anteriorno postreiornom pravcu (r ˃ 0,80).
Rezultati ove studije pokazuju da tekvondo sportisti razvijaju specifična prilagođavanja u kontroli ravnoteže. Povećana varijabilnost kinestetičke svesnosti regije vrata je u korelaciji sa povećanim prosečnim vrednostima aplitude medijalno-lateralnog zamaha, a pri osloncu na primarnoj nozi. To može dovesti do većih oscilacija tela tokom borbe, smanjene stabilnosti, produženog vremena reakcije i brzine. Preporučuje se specifičan trening cervikalnog dela kičme za poboljšanje performansi u borbi.
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