Univerzalnost facijalnih ekspresija: interakcija bilogije i kulture
Sažetak
Većina ljudi bez ikakvog napora može da prepozna emocije na osnovu facijalne ekspresije drugih ljudi. Brojne studije tvrde da novorođenčad pokazuju interesovanje za lica i facijanu ekspresiju i zbog toga se smatra da je ova sposobnost relevantna sa evolutivnog stanovištva. Ovo je dodatno podržano kroskulturnim studijama koje jasno pokazuju postojanje ograničenog broja univerzalnih osnovnih emocija. Takođe, uticaj kulture i životne sredine je velik i kada je u pitanju pokazivanje emocija, ali i tačnost njihovog prepoznavanja. Iz perspektive razvoja, dostupne informacije pokazuju da se razvoj prepoznavanja facijane ekspresije može okarakterisati u obliku izvrnutog slova U. Polazeći od detinjstva, pa kroz odraslo doba, ljudi razvijaju ekspertizu za prepoznavanje facijanih ekspresija. Kasnije, sa starenjem, prepoznavanje određenih izraza opada. Kljulni mehanizimi u ovom procesu nisu u potpunosti istraženi. U ovom preglednom radu, ukratko smo sumirali prethodne studije koje su istraživale univerzalnost facijalnih ekspresija, kao i uticaje kulture na prepoznavanje facijalnih ekspresija. Takođe, objašnjeni su i potencijalni razvojni stadijumi i spomenuta su neka od otvorenih pitanja.
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