SWIMMING AS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND RECREATION FOR WOMEN
Sažetak
The present study reviews all data that establish swimming as an everyday lifestyle and recreational activity for women, since it promotes wellness, well-being and longevity. Swimming as a natural, physical activity is one of the most effective ways of exercise, since it affects and work outs the whole body. It is the most suitable sport for all age groups, because it combines beneficial results, for both body and soul and is also a low-risk-injury physical exercise. Aim of this study is to record the effect of recreational swimming in physical condition indexes and in quality of life in women. In particular to record the benefits, since studies have shown that swimming can help in prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and improves quality of life, of well-being and longevity.
Results of all studies showed that swimming, as a great natural recreational activity has multiple beneficial effects on the female body that are not limited to the physical characteristics but are extended to the mental ones.
Challenges for the application and development fields of this particular method of exercise, are the quality of service provided and the staffing of departments and programs in multiple carriers, private of public.
Researchers and writers agree that there are great prospects for growth for women through partnerships, with programs and systematic research in the field of recreational swimming.
Keywords: swimming and woman, recreation, benefits.
Reference
Amarantos, E., Martinez, A., Dwyer J. (2001). Nutrition and quality of life in older adults.J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.;56 Spec No 2:54-64.
Berger, B.G., Owen, D.R. (1983). Mood alteration with swimming-swimmers really do "feel better".Psychosom Med. 45(5):425-33.
Biener, K. (1980): Repraesentativ studie ueber das Sportverhalten und das Sportinteresse berusfstaetiger Frauen. In:Jugend und Sport.
Clapp, J.F., 3d, Little, K.D. (1995). Effect of recreational exercise on pregnancy weight gain and subcutaneous fat deposition. Med Sci Sports Exerc;27:170-7
Colado, J.C., Triplett, N.T., Tella, V., Saucedo, P., Abellán, J. (2009). Effects of aquatic resistance training on health and fitness in postmenopausal women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 106(1):113-22.
Cox, K.L., Burke, V., Beilin, L.J., Derbyshire, A.J., Grove, J.R., Blanksby, B.A., Puddey, I.B. ( 2008). Short and long-term adherence to swimming and walking programs in older women--the Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial (SWEAT 2). Prev MedJun;46(6):511-7.
Cox, K.L, Burke, V., Beilin, L.J., Puddey, I.B. (2010). A comparison of the effects of swimming and walking on body weight, fat distribution, lipids, glucose, and insulin in older women--the Sedentary Women Exercise Adherence Trial 2. Metabolism;59(11):1562-73.
Crews, D.J, Landers, D.M., (1987). A meta-analytic review of aerobic fitness and reactivity to psychosocial stressors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 19(5 Suppl):S114-20.
Gappmaier, E., Lake, W., Nelson, A.G., Fisher, A.G. (2006). Aerobic exercise in water versus walking on land: effects on indices of fat reduction and weight loss of obese women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness;46(4):564-9.
Hartmann, S. & Bung, P. (1999). Physical exercise during pregnancy-physiological considerations and recommendations. J Perinat Med, 27(3): 204-15.
Hartmann, S., Bung, P., Schlebusch, H., Hollmann W. (2005). The analgesic effect of exercise during labor.Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol.;209(4):144-50.
Heuwinkel, D. (1990): Sport für Aeltere in einer sportaktiven alternden Gesellschaft. In: Zeitschrift für Gerontologie.
Iso-Ahola, S,E. (1980). The Social psychology of leisure and recreation. Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown.
Jones, L.M, Meredith-Jones, K., Legge, M. (2009). The effect of water-based exercise on glucose and insulin response in overweight women: a pilot study. J Womens Health (Larchmt);18(10):1653-9.
Juhl, M., Kogevinas, M., Andersen, P.K, Andersen, A.M, Olsen, J. (2010). Is swimming during pregnancy a safe exercise? Epidemiology;21(2):253-8.
Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1980). The Social Psychology of Leisure and Recreation. Dubuque, Iowa: Wm.C. Brown.
Kane, M.J. (1990). Female involvement in physical recreation: gender role as a constraint. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 61, (No. 1), 52-56.
Katz, V. (1996). Water exercise in pregnancy. Seminars in Perinatology, 20; 4:285-291
Kelly, J.R. (1982). Leisure. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Lee BA, Oh DJ. (2013). The effects of health perception on living health belief, living satisfaction and wellbeing-oriented activities according to swimming participation with middle-aged women. J Exerc Rehabil. 30;9(3):381-8.
Lewis, D.M., Boardman J., Hornblower S., Ostwald M. (2008). The fourth century B.C. The Cambridge ancient history 6 (7 ed.).Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Marquez-Sterling S., Perry AC., Kaplan TA., Halberstein RA., Signorile JF. (2000). Physical and psychological changes with vigorous exercise in sedentary primigravidae. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Jan;32(1):58-62.
Meyer, H. (1992): Zur Entwicklung der Sport Bedürfnisse. Köln: Unveröffentlichte Diplomarbeit der Deutschen Sporthochschule
Michevic, P.M., (1982). Anxiety, depression and exercise. Quest 33:140-153,.
Mohr, M., Nordsborg, N.B., Lindenskov, A., Steinholm, H., Nielsen, H.P., Mortensen, J., Weihe, P., Krustrup, P. ( 2014). High-intensity intermittent swimming improves cardiovascular health status for women with mild hypertension. Biomed Res Int;. Epub 2014 Apr 10.
Mull, R.F., Bayless, K.G., Ross, C.M., & Jamieson, L.M. (1997). Recreational sport management (3rd Ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Nagle, E.F, Sanders, M.E, Shafer, A., Barone, Gibbs, B., Nagle, J.A., Deldin, A.R, Franklin, B.A, Robertson, R.J. (2013). Energy expenditure, cardiorespiratory, and perceptual responses to shallow-water aquatic exercise in young adult women. Phys Sportsmed.;41(3):67-76.
Opaschowski, H.W. (1987). Sport inder Freizeit. Mehr Lust als Leistung. Aut dem Weg zu einem Sportverstȁndris. Hamburg.
Papaioannou, A. (1997). Perceptions of motivational climate, perceived competence, and motivation of students of varying age and sport experience. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 85, 419–430.
Pons-Villanueva J., Seguí-Gómez M, Martínez-González, M.A. Risk of injury according to participation in specific physical activities: a 6-year follow-up of 14 356 participants of the SUN cohort. Int J Epidemiol. 2010 Apr;39(2):580-7.
Saavedra, J.M., De La Cruz, E., Escalante, Y., Rodríguez, FA. (2007). Influence of a medium-impact aquaerobic program on health-related quality of life and fitness level in healthy adult females. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. Dec;47(4):468-74.
Sibley, L, Ruhling R.O, Cameron-Foster J, Christensen C, Bolen T. (1981). Swimming and physical fitness during pregnancy. J Nurse Midwifery;26:3-12.
Siedentop, D. (1990). Introduction to Physical Education, Fitness and Sport. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield.
Valgesoo T., Linkberg R. (1997). Effect of different physical exercises on pregnancy outcome. Acta Medica Baltica. 4 (1): 101–106.
Wade, M. G. (1985). Constraints on Leisure. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
Whitehead, J. R., & Corbin, C. B. (1997). Self-Esteem in Children and Youth: The role of Sport and Physical Education. In K. R Fox (Ed.), The Physical Self (pp. 175-203). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Zhang, J., Savitz, D.A. (1996). Exercise during pregnancy among US women.Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. Annals of Epidemiology; 6(1):53-9.
- Autori zadržavaju autorska prava i pružaju časopisu pravo prvog objavljivanja rada i licenciraju ga "Creative Commons Attribution licencom" koja omogućava drugima da dele rad, uz uslov navođenja autorstva i izvornog objavljivanja u ovom časopisu.
- Autori mogu izraditi zasebne, ugovorne aranžmane za neekskluzivnu distribuciju članka objavljenog u časopisu (npr. postavljanje u institucionalni repozitorijum ili objavljivanje u knjizi), uz navođenje da je članak izvorno objavljen u ovom časopisu.
- Autorima je dozvoljeno i podstiču se da postave objavljeni članak onlajn (npr. u institucionalni repozitorijum ili na svoju internet stranicu) pre ili tokom postupka prijave rukopisa, s obzirom da takav postupak može voditi produktivnoj razmeni ideja i ranijoj i većoj citiranosti objavljenog članka (Vidi Efekti otvorenog pristupa).