The relationship between adiposity parameters and C-reactive protein values in overweight and obese women

Tatjana Mraović; Sonja Radaković; Danijela Ristić Medić; Dragan Dinčić; Vesna Tepšić Ostojić; Aleksandra Čairović; Gora  Miljanović; Slavica Radjen

doi:10.2298/VSP160419208M

Tatjana Mraović University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Sonja Radaković University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Danijela Ristić Medić University of Belgrade, Institute for Medical Research, Centre of Research Exellence in Nutrition and Metabilism, Belgrade, Serbia
Dragan Dinčić University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Vesna Tepšić Ostojić University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Aleksandra Čairović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
Gora Miljanović Medical College of Vocational Studies, Belgrade, Serbia
Slavica Radjen University of Defence, Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP160419208M

Keywords: obesity;, overweight;, women;, anthropometry;, c-reactive protein.

Abstract

Background/Aim. Overweight/obesity has become important health problem in developed countries. It may be related to a presence of low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) and its relation to anthropometric parameters in overweight and obese females. Methods. study included 200 apparently healthy, overweight and obese women (18–45 years). Their standard and alternative anthropometric parameters [body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat (%F), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body adiposity index (BAI)] were determined and correlated to serum CRP concentration. Results. Average CRP level was 5.56 ± 2.43 mg/L, and it significantly positively correlated to all investigated anthropometric parameters. There was significant difference between overweight and obese group in all investigated anthropometric parameters, as well as in CRP values. When investigated separately, according to BMI, values regarding obese females showed significant correlation between CRP and every investigated anthropometric parameter. In overweight subjects, no such correlation was recorded. In the obese group, all investigated parameters were significantly related to F. In overweight subjects, body weight (BW), BMI, WC and WHtR showed significant relation to F. Conclusion. The significant difference between the overweight and obese group in all parameters of central obesity was found as well as in the CRP levels. In the obese group, we found strong correlation between adiposity measured by fat percentage and parameters of central obesity, while in the overweight group WHR and BAI did not correlate to fat percentage. Our results confirmed that CRP is a valuable marker of metabolic risk in obese females, and BMI, although not so new, is still reliable parameter of adiposity.

References

REFERENCES

Stepien M, Stepien A, Wlazel RN, Paradowski M, Banach M, Rysz J. Obesity indices and inflammatory markers in obese non-diabetic normo- and hypertensive patients: A comparative pi-lot study. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13: 29−38.

Stepien M, Stepien A, Wlazel RN, Paradowski M, Rizzo M, Banach M, et al. Predictors of insulin resistance in patients with obe-sity: A pilot study. Angiology 2014; 65(1): 22−30.

Pannacciulli N, Cantatore FP, Minenna A, Bellacicco M, Giorgino R, de Pergola G. C-reactive protein is independently associated with total body fat, central fat, and insulin resistance in adult women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25(10): 1416−20.

Jialal I, Devaraj S, Venugopal SK. C-reactive protein: Risk marker or mediator in atherothrombosis?. Hypertension 2004; 44(1): 6−11.

Koenig W, Sund M, Fröhlich M, Fischer HG, Löwel H, Döring A, et al. C-Reactive protein, a sensitive marker of inflammation, predicts future risk of coronary heart disease in initially healthy middle-aged men: Results from the MONICA (Monitoring Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Augs-burg Cohort Study. Circulation 1999; 99(2): 237−42.

Ridker PM. Clinical application of C-reactive protein for car-diovascular disease detection and prevention. Circulation 2003; 107(3): 363−9.

Zeba AN, Delisle HF, Rosier C, Renier G. Association of high-sensitive C-reactive protein with cardiomatabolic risk factors and micronutrient deficiencies in adults of Ougadougou, Burk-ina Faso. Br J Nutr 2013; 109(7): 1266−75.

Sims EA. Are there persons who are obese, but metabolically healthy?. Metabolism 2001; 50(12): 1499−504.

World Healtj Organization. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000.

Durnin JV, Womersley J. Body fat assessed from total body den-sity and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutr 1974; 32(1): 77−97.

Bergman RN, Stefanovski D, Buchanan TA, Sumner AE, Reynolds JC, Sebring NG, et al. A better index of body adiposity. Obesity 2011; 19(5): 1083−9.

Lee CM, Huxley RR, Wildman RP, Woodward M. Indices of ab-dominal obesity are better discriminators of cardiovascular risk factors than BMI: a meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 2008; 61(7): 646−53.

Karastergiou K, Smith SR, Greenberg AS, Fried SK. Sex differences in human adipose tissues - the biology of pear shape. Biol Sex Differ 2012; 3(1): 13.

Stojanovic D, Visnjic A, Mitrovic V, Stojanovic M. Risk factors for the occurrence of cardiovascular system diseases in students. Vojnosanit Pregl 2009; 66(6): 453−8. (Serbian)

Balistreri CR, Caruso C, Candore G. The role of adipose tissue and adipokines in obesity-related inflammatory diseases. Me-diators Inflamm 2010; 2010: 802078.

Rexrode KM, Pradahan A, Manson JE, Buring JE, Ridker PM. Re-lationship of total and abdominal adiposity with CRP and IL-6 in women. Ann Epidemiol 2003; 13: 674−82.

Leal Vde O, Mafra D. Adipokines in obesity. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 419: 87−94.

Coelho M, Oliveira T, Fernandes R. Biochemistry of adipose tis-sue: an endocrine organ. Arch Med Sci 2013; 9(2): 191−200.

Ouchi N, Parker JL, Lugus JJ, Walsh K. Adipokines in inflamma-tion and metabolic disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11(2): 85−97.

Fuentes E, Fuentes F, Vilahur G, Badimon L, Palomo I. Mecha-nisms of chronic state of inflammation as mediators that link obese adipose tissue and metabolic syndrome. Mediators In-flamm 2013; 2013: 136584.

Rodriguez-Hernandez H, Simental-Mendia LE, Rodriguez-Ramirez G, Reyes-Romero MA. Obesity and imflammation: Epidemiology, risk factors, and markers of inflammation. Int J Endocrinol 2013; 2013: 678159.

Patel PS, Buras ED, Balasubramanyam A. The role of immune system in obesity and insulin resistance. J Obes 2013; 2013: 616193.

Han JM, Levings MK. Immune regulation in obesity-associated adipose inflammation. J Immunol 2013; 191(2): 527−32.

Bluher M. Adipose tissue dysfunction contributes to obesity re-lated metabolic diseases. Best Prac Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 27(2): 163−77.

Berg AH, Scherer PE. Adipose tissue, inflammation, and cardio-vascular disease. Circ Res 2005; 96(9): 939−49.

Visser M, Bouter LM, McQuillan GM, Were MH, Harris TB. Low-grade systemic inflammation in overweight children. Pediatrics 2001; 107(1): E13.

Forsythe LK, Livingstone MB, Barnes MS, Horigan G, Wallace JM. C-reactive protein and body composition in a representative sample of young adults. Proceed Nutr Soc 2009; 67(OCE7): E267.