Antibacterial effects of new endodontic materials based on calcium silicates

Dijana Trišić; Bojana Ćetenović; Nemanja Zdravković; Tatjana Marković; Biljana Dojčinović; Vukoman Jokanović; Dejan Marković

doi:10.2298/VSP161231130T

Dijana Trišić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
Bojana Ćetenović University of Belgrade, Institute for Nuclear Sciences “Vinča“, Belgrade, Serbia
Nemanja Zdravković University of Belgrade, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
Tatjana Marković University of Belgrade, Institute for Medicinal Plants Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Belgrade, Serbia
Biljana Dojčinović University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
Vukoman Jokanović University of Belgrade, Institute for Nuclear Sciences “Vinča“, Belgrade, Serbia
Dejan Marković University of Belgrade, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP161231130T

Keywords: dental pulp diseases;, root canal preparation;, calcium silicate;, calcium hydroxide;, anti-infective agents.

Abstract

Background/Aim. The main task of endodontic treatment is to eliminate pathologically altered tissue, to disinfect root canal space and to obtain its three-dimensional hermetic obturation. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial activity of new endodontic nano-structured highly active calcium silicates based materials albo-mineral plyoxide carbonate aggregate (ALBO-MPCA) and calcium silicates (CS) in comparison to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA⁺) and UltraCal XS (CH). Methods. The antimicrobial activity of materials was tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 14506) strains, and following clinical isolates: Rothia dentocariosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus vestibularis using a double layer agar diffusion test. The pH measurements were performed using the pH meter. Total amount of released ions was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results. All tested materials showed the best antibacterial potential after 1 h of incubation. After 3h and 24h of the incubation period, the antibacterial potential of all tested materials were similar. The Agar diffusion test showed that ALBO-MPCA, CS and MTA⁺ had similar inhibition zones (p > 0.05), except in the activity against Staphylococcus aureus where ALBO-MPCA showed better antimicrobial properties than MTA⁺in 3h and 24h of the incubation period (p < 0.05). Following 24h of the incubation, the inhibition zones were the strongest with CH against Staphylococcus aureus (16.67 ± 2.34 mm) followed by ALBO-MPCA (14.67 ± 1.21 mm) and the weakest with CS against Enterococcus faecalis (6.50 ± 1.76 mm). CH showed the highest pH, followed by ALBO-MPCA, CS and MTA⁺. Conclusion. The expressed antibacterial effects indicate that materials based on nano-structured highly active calcium silicates represent effective therapeutic agents for root canal obturation in one-visit apexification treatment, therefore they are recommend for further examination and clinical trials as they are proposed for MTA substitution.

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