HIF-1α and SOX2 expression in cervical squamous cell carcinoma

Svetlana V. Milenković; Tatjana Terzić; Boris Vraneš; Ivan Soldatović

doi:10.2298/VSP171213043M

Svetlana V. Milenković Clinical Center of Serbia, Pathology Department, Belgrade, Serbia
Tatjana Terzić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Belgrade, Serbia
Boris Vraneš Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Belgrade, Serbia
Ivan Soldatović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Belgrade, Serbia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP171213043M

Keywords: uterine cervical neoplasms, neoplasm staging, prognosis, hypoxia, biomarkers

Abstract

Abstract

Background/Aim. Hypoxia is one of the major changes that occurs in the tumor microenvironment. It has been observed that there are pluripotent cancer cells in the cancer cell population that affect tumor growth and their resistance to therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), endogenous marker of hypoxia, and SOX2, marker of the pluripotent stem cells existing in the normal adult tissues, in the cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods. The study was conducted in 90 women with invasive cervical SCC, divided into two groups – 60 women in the Group A, with FIGO IB1 < 20 mm tumors (no metastases in the lymph nodes), and 30 women in the group B with tumors FIGO I–II (positive lymph nodes). The basic clinical parameters were determined by standard histopathological analysis, and the expression of HIF-1α and SOX2 by immunohistochemical examination. Results. There was a significant difference between the groups A and B, in the expression of HIF-1α (p = 0.024), but not in the expression of SOX2 (p = 0.566). Expression of HIF-1α was significantly higher in the group with lymph node metastases and invasion of lymphovascular spaces (p <0.001) but not associated with tumor size (p = 0.291) or lymphocytic stromal response (p = 0.940). The tumor grade significantly influenced the expression of HIF-1α (p = 0.013). The expression of SOX2 did not significantly correlate with any of the established clinical tumor parameters. Conclusion. A significant difference in the expression of HIF-1 α between the group with and that without metastases in lymph nodes in invasive cervical SCC could distinguish HIF-1α as a parameter of poor prognosis of the disease. The prognostic significance of SOX2 as well as a significant correlation between expression of HIF-1α and SOX2 were not established.

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