Procena dimenzija ličnosti, pušenja cigareta i depresije kod lečenih muških alkoholičara
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj: Kod lečenih alkoholičara je česta, mada nedovoljno ispitana udružena pojava depresije i pušenja cigareta. Neke studija ukazuju da postoje zajednički etiološki faktori kod bolesnika sa navedenim komorbiditetom, ali su dimezije ličnosti retko istražene. U radu su ispitane dimenzije ličnosti, depresija, obrasci upotrebe alkohola i cigareta, kao i povezanost dimenzija ličnosti i depresije kod hospitalizovanih alkoholičara. Metode: U studiju je bilo uključeno sto konsekutivno hospitalizovanih alkoholičara. Ispitivanje je završilo 86 alkoholičara koji su bili poređeni sa trideset zdravih, kontrolnih ispitanika. Ispitanici su bili muškog pola upareni po starosti. Sociodemografski podaci, obrasci upotrebe alkohola i cigareta i podaci iz porodične anamneze prikupljeni su pomoću semistrukturisanog upitnika. Posle 4 nedelje apstinencije, alkoholičari su na osnovu cut-off skora na Hamiltonovoj skali za depresiju –HAMD (Hamilton, 1960) razvrstani u dve grupe: depresivni i nedepresivni alkoholičari sa ishodom da su brojale po polovinu ispitanika. Primenjen je Ajzenkov upitnik ličnosti –EPQ (Eysenck,1975). Međugrupne razlike ispitane su pomoću Studentovog t –testa, a korelacije pomoću Pearson-ovog testa. Rezultati: Nije bilo značajnih sociodemografskih razlika između grupa. Alkoholičari češće puše nego kontrolni ispitanici (86% vs. 50%) uz veći broj cigareta dnevno. Alkoholičari nisu ranije počeli da piju, ali su ranije počeli da puše, sa većim brojem cigareta dnevno nego kontrolni ispitanici. Nakon detoksikacije alkoholičari imaju depresiju koja je prosečno blagog stepena. Osim neuroticizma, nije bilo razlike u dimenzijama ličnosti između grupa. Neuroticizam je značajno veći kod alkoholičara u odnosu na kontrolne ispitanike (12.72± 5.19 vs. 5.00 ±3.36) i kod depresivnih u odnosu na ne-depresivne alkoholičare (15.07±4.89 vs. 10.37±4.40). Depresija je bila značajno povezana samo sa neuroticizmom (r=0.487, p<0.001). Zaključci: Većina detoksikovanih alkoholičara su pušači, ranije počinju da puše, depresivni su u blagom stepenu i imaju visok neuroticizam u poređenju sa kontrolnim ispitanicima. Naši rezultati ukazuju da alkoholičari sa visokim neuroticizmom mogu razviti težu depresiju i zahtevati intenzivnije integrativno lečenje.
Ključne reči: dimenzije ličnosti, pušenja cigareta, depresija, lečeni alkoholičari.
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