Pozitivni efekti rehabilitacije sluha i govora na kvalitet leksičkog fonda dece sa oštećenim sluhom

  • Ivana Maletic Sekulic University Medical Center "Zemun", Zemun, Serbia,
  • Ivana Veselinović Faculty for special education and rehabilitation
  • Ljiljana Jeličić Life activities advancement center, Belgrade, Serbia, Institute for experimental phonetics and speech pathology, Belgrade,
  • Mirjana Šijan-Gobeljić College of Higher Education for Applied Studies „Milutin Milanković“,
  • Ninoslava Dragutinović College of Higher Education for Applied Studies „Milutin Milanković“,
Ključne reči: sluh, poremećaji;, deca, predškolska;, sluh, pomagala;, kohlea, implantat;, govor;, rehabilitacija;, rečnici;, ankete i upitnici

Sažetak


Uvod/Cilj. Početna iskustva sa rehabilitacijom dece sa kohlearnim implantima i česte debate u vezi efekata njihove pri­mene nameću neophodnost poređenja efekata rehabilitacije govora dece sa slušnim pomagalima sa decom koja imaju kohlearne implante. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se proceni i uporedi nivo razvijenosti leksičkog fonda dece oštećenog sluha koja su uključena u proces rehabilitacije slušanja i govora, a koja su amplifikovana slušnim aparatima ili kohlear­nim implantom. Metode. Uzorak je obuhvatio 55-oro dece uzrasta 3–6 godina kod kojih je dijagnostifikovano prelingvalno obostrano oštećenje sluha sa pragom čujnosti od preko 90 dB. Sva deca, su imala prosečne intelektualne sposobnosti i bila su bez dodatnih oštećenja. Uzorak je podeljen na grupu dece koja su kohlearno implantirana (E1 grupa = 30) i grupu dece koja su amplifikovana individualnim slušnim aparatima (E2 grupa = 25). U istraživanju je ko­rišćen Test rečnik. Testiranje je obavljano individualno. Nakon godinu dana od testiranja, rađen je retest. Statistička obrada rezultata izvršena je pomoću je programom SPSS v. 17 for WIDOWS. Rezultati. Najveći broj ispitanika pokazao je prosečna postignuća na Test rečniku, na prvom testiranju. Nakon godinu dana (na retestu) uočena su značajna poboljšanja. Veliki broj ispitanika imao je iznadprosečna postignuća (46,7% u grupi E1 i 36% u grupi E2), a smanjen je i broj ispitanika koji su imali ispodprosečna postignuća (3.3% u grupi E1 i 8% u grupi E2). Komparativnom analizom postignuća dece (na testu i retestu) sa kohlearnim implantom i dece sa individualnim slušnim aparatima primeće­no je da između pomenutih grupa ispitanika nije bilo statistički značajne razlike. Zaključak. Na osnovu dobijenih re­zultata istraživanja možemo zaključiti da je značajno poboljšanje postignuća ispitanika na retestu u obe ispitivane grupe moguće objasniti pozitivnim efektima sistematski planirane, intenzivne i kontinuirane rehabilitacije dece oštećenog sluha, a ne primenom određenog tipa slušne amplifikacije.

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