Samoprocena zdravlja starih u dve evropske zemlje brzog starenja: dokazi iz Italije i Srbije

  • Giovanni Piumatti Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
  • Francesco Lietz Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
  • Jelena Marinkovic Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
  • Vesna Bjegovic-Mikanovic Institute of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP160914381P
Ključne reči: stare osobe;, stare osobe, 80 i više godina;, zdravlje;, samoprocena;, ankete i upitnici;, italija;, srbija;, faktori rizika.

Sažetak


Apstrakt

 

Uvod/Cilj. Samoprocena zdravlja (Self-rated health – SPH) je široko prihvaćen postupak za potrebe komparacije zdravstvenog stanja različitih zemalja. Povezanost socijalno-demografskih osobina sa SPH starijih osoba uočena je u nacionalnim istraživanjima. Međutim, ova istraživanja retko obuhvataju poređenja povezanosti zdravstvenog ponašanja (tj. navika u ishrani, pušenju i konzumiranju alkohola) sa zdravstvenim stanjem (tj. prisustvom hronične bolesti). Cilj je bio da se ispita razlika u SPH starih osoba u Italiji i Srbiji, kao i i da se odredi uloga prediktora SPH, posebno zdravstvenog pona­šanja u obe zemlje. Metode. U okviru nacionalnih istra­živanja zdravlja u Italiji i Srbiji, sprovedenih na reprezentativnim uzorcima domaćinstava u 2013. godini, posmatrane su osobe starije od 65 godina: 4 406 Italijana i 3 539 Srba. U modelima multivarijantnih logističkih regresionih analiza SRH je predstavljala zavisnu varijablu, a nezavisne prediktore činile su socijalno-demografske osobine ispitanika, obeležja u vezi sa zdravstvenim stanjem i ona koja predstavljaju faktore zdravstvenog ponašanja. Rezultati. U obe zemlje manji broj ispitanika starijih od 65 godina procenio je svoje zdravlje kao dobro i veoma dobro (Italijani: 30,3% i Srbi 22,3%) u odnosu na evropski prosek (36,9%). U logističkim regresijama uočeo je da je samoprocenjeno zdravlje češće lošije u Srbiji nego u Italiji. Ipak u oba nacionalna uzorka značajni prediktori samoprocenjenog zdravlja bili su isti: pol, obrazovanje, hronične bolesti i ograničenje dne­vnih aktivnosti. Posmatrajući zdravstveno pona­ša­nje, u Italiji je unos povrća bio značajno povezan sa osećanjem boljeg zdravlja, dok je u Srbiji istu povezanost imao unos voća u svakodnevnoj ishrani. Zaključak. Istra­ži­vanje pokazuje da postoje faktori zdravstvenog po­na­ša­nja koji su udruženi sa boljom SPH u populaciji starijoj od 65 godina, ali i da se oni razlikuju među zemljama. Neophodno je da donosioci odluka o implementaciji međunarodnih preventivnih strategija uvaže posebne specifičnosti zemalja pri organizaciji intervencija za populaciju starih.

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Objavljeno
2021/01/26
Broj časopisa
Vol. 75 Br. 7 (2018): Vojnosanit Pregl 2018; July Vol. 75 (No. 7)
Rubrika
Originalni članak