Roditeljstvo i eksternalizovani problemi adolescenata: rezultati faktorske analize
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Moderna konceptualizacija roditeljstva u vezi sa ispoljavanjem eksternalizovanih problema u adolescenciji bazirana je na dvosmernoj komunikaciji roditelj-dete, međusobnom poverenju i uključenosti roditelja. Obilje istraživačkih nalaza upućuje na dokaze o nezavisnom doprinosu roditeljskih varijabli na ispoljavanje eksternalizovanih problema u srednjoj i kasnoj adolescenciji, dok nedostaju podaci i njihovom međusobnom odnosu. Cilj rada bio je da se ispita odnos roditeljskih varijabli i varijabli eksternalizovanih problema u zajedničkom prostoru. Metode. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 507 učenika beogradskih srednjih škola uzrasta od petnaest do osamnaest godina, oba pola. Roditeljski nadzor je ispitivan putem Skale roditeljskog nadzora, afektivna vezanost za roditelje putem Inventara afektivne vezanosti za roditelje, vaspitni postupci roditelja putem Alabama upitnika o roditeljstvu, a eksternalizovani problemi putem Ahenbahovog sistema empirijski bazirane procene. Rezultati. Faktori analiza upućuje na postojanje 4 faktora (komponente) koji zajedno objašnjavaju 65,5% varijanse. Prvi faktor (pozitivno roditeljstvo i afektivna vezanost za majku) učestvuje u 38,1%, drugi (eksternalizovani problemi i negativno roditeljstvo) u 11,26%, treći (afektivna vezanost za oca) u 8,93% i četvrti (negativno disciplinovanje i neadekvatno afektivno vezivanje za majku) u 7,22% varijanse. Najznačajniji nalaz proistekao iz matrice korelacije predstavlja negativno korelisanje druge sa prvom (-0,539) i trećom (0,481) komponentom. Zaključak. Pozitivan odnos između roditelja i adolescenata, osim pozitivnih vaspitnih postupaka roditelja, opredeljuju i sve podskale roditeljskog nadzora, sem roditeljske kontrole. Majke su, u odnosu na očeve, generalno uključenije u život adolescenata i ostvaruju bolje odnose sa njima, ali se, u odnosu prema eksternalizovanim problemima, afektivna vezanost za očeve pokazala veoma značajnom i to nezavisno od njihove vaspitne uloge.
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