Značaj kognitivnih strategija emocionalne regulacije za kvalitet života obolelih od karcinoma dojke
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Karcinom dojke je oboljenje koje je često praćeno neprijatnim emocionalnim stanjima bolesnica i emocionalnim distresom, što značajno može da utiče kako na proces lečenja, tako i na kvalitet života obolelih. Stoga je cilj ove studije bio da ispita potencijalnu medijacionu ulogu strategija kognitivne emocionalne regulacije u relaciji između emocionalnog distresa i različitih aspekata kvaliteta života obolelih, što bi dalje indikovalo potencijalne psihoterapijske intervencije u kliničkoj psihoonkološkoj praksi. Metode. Istraživanje je dizajnirano kao studija preseka, u kojoj je učestvovalo 97 bolesnica sa dijagnozom karcinoma dojke. Emocionalni distres meren je Skalom depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa (DASS-21). Strategije kognitivne emocionalne regulacije merene su Upitnikom kognitivno emocionalne regulacije (CERQ-36), dok su različiti aspekti kvaliteta života procenjeni Upitnikom funkcionalne procene terapije karcinoma (FACT-B). Za utvrđivanje multiple simultane medijacije između varijabli korišćen je program makro INDIRECT za SPSS. Rezultati. Pozitivnim refokusiranjem bili su ostvareni pozitivni efekti kako na telesno [a = -0,83, b = 0,50, ab = -0,42, standard error (SE) = 0,14; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0,17 – 0.83], tako i na emocionalno blagostanje bolesnica (a = -0,83, b = 0,29, ab = 0,24, SE = 0,13; 95% CI = -0,01 – 0,58). Ruminacije su se negativno odražavale na emocionalno blagostanje (a = -0,75, b = -0,33, ab = -0,25, SE = 0,16; 95% CI = -0,71 – -0,01) bolesnica. Katastrofiziranjem je bio ostvaren negativan uticaj na socijalno (a = 0,96, b = 0,12, ab = -0,12, SE = 0,13; 95% CI = -0,33 – -0,13) i funkcionalno blagostanje bolesnica (a = 0,96, b = -0,16, ab = -0,15, SE = 0,09; 95% CI = -0,32 – -0,01). Zaključak. Pozitivno refokusiranje, ruminacija i katastrofiziranje predstavljaju značajne kognitivne strategije prevladavanja posredstvom kojih se značajno menja intenzitet emocionalnog distresa, što se potom odražava i na različite aspekte kvaliteta života obolelih. Navedeno implicira potencijalne koristi od uvođenja kognitivno-bihejvioralnih intervencija, usmerenih na usvajanje adaptivnih strategija kognitivne regulacije afekta, a u cilju pospešivanja kvaliteta života obolelih od karcinoma dojke.
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