Socijalna podrška u periodu oporavka bivšim korisnicima psihoaktivnih supstanci u Crnoj Gori: Istraživačka studija
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Socijalna podrška ima veoma značajnu ulogu u procesu oporavka bivših zavisnika od psihoaktivnih supstanci. Istraživanje socijalne podrške kao važne komponente u procesu resocijalizacije bivših korisnika psihoaktivnih supstanci, do sada je bilo zanemareno u Crnoj Gori. Međutim, jedan od uslova za kvalitetnu analizu, čiji ishod uključuje ispitivanje dubljih uzročnih odnosa, jeste ispitivanje strukture socijalne podrške ispitanicima. Zbog toga je glavni cilj ovog rada bio da precizno odredi dimenziju socijalne podrške i njenu faktorsku vrednost. Poseban cilj bio je identifikacija latentne strukture emocionalne podrške kao specifične dimenzije unutar skale socijalne podrške. Metode. Istraživanje je uključilo 107 zavisnika lečenih u Javnoj ustanovi za smještaj, rehabilitaciju i resocijalizaciju korisnika psihoaktivnih supstanci u Podgorici (Crna Gora) u periodu od maja 2014. do 1. oktobra 2016. godine. U istraživanju je korišćena Multidimenzionalna skala socijalne podrške (MSPSS) koja se sastoji od 12 varijabli koje mere tri komponente podrške: porodice, prijatelja i značajnih drugih. Analiza glavnih komponenti sa direktnom oblimin rotacijom (direct oblimin rotation) korišćena je za ispitivanje faktorabilnosti MSPSS. Nakon sprovedene faktorske analize, pouzdanost skale je testirana pomoću Cronbach-ovog koeficijenta alfa (Cronbach alpha coefficient) kroz diskriminatornu validnost. Rezultati. Sve tri komponente pokazale su statistički značajne razlike (p < 0,05). Koeficijent korelacije između komponenti Prijatelji i Značajni drugi iznosio je 0,510, dok je između Značajnih drugih i Porodice iznosio 0,617. S druge strane, koeficijent korelacije između Značajnih drugih i Porodice bio je 0,525, što ukazuje da postoji značajna veza između komponenti Prijatelja i Porodice. Takođe, 85,1% ispitanika navelo je da im je socijalna podrška važna (ili izuzetno važna) u procesu rehabilitacije i resocijalizacije. Zaključak. Istraživanje naglašava važnu ulogu porodice u životu ispitanika. Socijalna podrška ima puno prednosti i često je od ključnog značaja za uspešni oporavak bivših korisnika psihoaktivnih supstanci.
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