Forenzičke karakteristike povreda grudnog koša kod osoba poginulih u saobraćajnim nesrećama
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Povrede grudnog koša su značajne u saobraćajnom traumatizmu jer su čest uzrok smrti zbog povreda vitalnih organa – srca i pluća, torakalnog kapka, pneumotoraksa, povreda velikih krvnih sudova itd. Cilj ove studije bio je analiza vulnerabilnosti različitih učesnika u saobraćajnim nezgodama, utvrđivanje najučestalijih i najznačajnijih povreda grudnog koša kod različitih učesnika, kao i da se ispita značaj pojedinih povreda ili faktora za nadživljavanje povreda. Metode. Urađena je retrospektivna, autopsijska, studija preseka na materijalu Službe za sudsku medicinu i toksikologiju Kliničkog centra Kragujevac. U studiju su bili uključeni svi učesnici saobraćajnih nezgoda koji su umrli od zadobijenih povreda ili njihovih komplikacija na teritoriji grada Kragujevca sa okolinom, u periodu od 2001. do 2016. godine. Učesnici su bili podeljeni u sledeće grupe: pešaci, vozači motornih vozila, suvozači, putnici u vozilu, biciklisti, motociklisti i vozači traktora. Kod svih učesnika je analizirano prisustvo regionalnih povreda (grudnog koša, glave i abdomena). Rezultati. Studijom je bilo obuhvaćeno 525 učesnika čija je smrt bila posledica saobraćajne nezgode, što čini 38,4% od ukupnog broja obdukcija (1 366). Prosečna starost učesnika iznosila je 52 ± 19 godina. Muškaraca je bilo 391 (74,5%), a žena 134 (25,5%). Najvulnerabilniji učesnici su bili pešaci (220 ili 41,9%), vozači motornih vozila (98 ili 18,7%), suvozači (79 ili 15%), motociklisti (39 ili 7,4%), biciklisti (38 ili 7,2%), putnici (29 ili 5,5%) i vozači traktora (22 ili 4,2%). Povreda nekog dela grudnog koša je bila prisutna kod 408 (77,7%) učesnika, a najučestalija povreda je bila prelom nekog rebra, koja je evidentirana kod dve trećine učesnika. Od ukupnog broja, 291 (55,4%) učesnik je stradao na licu mesta ili na putu do odgovarajuće zdravstvene ustanove, dok je 234 (44,6%) učesnika nadživelo povrede neko vreme. Vozači su imali veću šansu da umru na licu mesta, dok su biciklisti češće nadživljavali povrede. Zaključak. Povrede grudnog koša su veoma česte u slučajevima smrtnog ishoda na licu mesta u saobraćajnim nezgodama.
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