“Serbian, first phase” of the suppression of epidemics in 1914 and 1915
Sažetak
Sažetak: Srpskom sanitetu pre dolaska misije Hantera (u prvoj fazi suzbijanja epidemija) cilj je bio da obnovi borbenu gotovost svoje vojske. Sopstvenim snagama u tome nije uspeo. Hanterovim zalaganjem (u drugoj fazi suzbijanja) okončava epidemija: a) koordiniranim aktivnostima, uz b) dalje pooštravanje mera, te v) smišljenim sredstvima za depedikulaciju (Stamersovo bure, „srpsko bure“). O pitanjima od vojnog značaja sudilo se odmah, jer su ove ocene bile bitne za predstojeće vojne aktivnosti. Trebalo je doneti sud visokog nivoa hitnosti: i) da li je preduzetim obnovljena borbena gotovost vojske Srbije, i ii) da li je preventivnim delovanjem sanitetskih ekipa moguće postići bezbedan boravak savezničkih jedinica (bez obolevanja) na području na kome postoji rizik od pojave pegavog tifusa. Ovi sudovi su međusobno uslovljeni jer dokazana sredstva u suzbijanju su potom mogla da se koriste za realizaciju narednog cilja. Vukšićevom ocenom 1989. g. je podržana Hanterova aktivnost i doprinosi. Ocenama Hantera i Vukšića ostala je nerazmatrana „srpska, prva faza“. Analize prve faze suzbijanja epidemija ukazuju da je tokom nje srpski sanitet imao vrlo značajnih poduhvata. Genčić izgrađuje specijalnu prevenciju u obe faze, tj. tokom celog perioda trajanja epidemija. To ukazuje na postojanje nemoći medicine pre započinjanja epidemija 1915. i da su žrtve nastale najvećim delom ovim razlogom. Genčić podržavao Hanterove aktivnosti. Hanter je ocenjen: uspešnim; a on, njegov kolaborant: neuspešnim, pa je to apsurd. Srpski sanitet je odabrao ispravnu strategiju i upotrebljavao komore na suvi topli vazduh. To je doprinos srpskog saniteta medicini sveta u prevenciji pegavca. Naučne ocene, a pogotovo istorijsko-medicinske, u odnosu na vojne, su mogle da nastanu kasnije. Potrebno je da se domaće ocene događanja 1915. istorijsko-medicinski preispitaju, osnov bi bio u razlikovanju nemara izvršioca i nemoći medicine usled njoj nepoznatog.
Ključne reči: specijalna prevencija, epidemije 1915., Hanter, Stamers, Nikol, Genčić, Batut, Vulović, Vukšić, faze suzbijanja epidemija, „srpsko bure“, komore na topli suvi vazduh
Reference
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