Klinički efekat nanofotonskih naočara s plavim filterom na bazi fulerena C60 i polimetil metakrilata (PMMA)
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Plavo svetlo može da bude štetno za retinu. Nano-materijal od fulerena C60 i polimetil metakrilata (PMMA) transformiše svetlo u harmonizovano hiperpolarizovano svetlo upijajući plavu, ljubičastu i ultraljubičastu talasnu dužinu. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se oceni subjektivni i objektivni uticaj nošenja naočara na obavljanje dnevnih aktivnosti. Metode. Dvadeset pet zdravih dobrovoljaca podvrgnuto je kompletnom oftalmološkom pregledu, ispitivanju kontrastne senzitivnosti (KS) i perimetrije (PM). Popunjavan je upitnik o uticaju naočara na dnevne aktivosti: dvoje naočara sa različitim koncentracijama fulerena C60 upoređeno je sa dvoje komercijalno dostupnih naočara sa plavim filterom. Rezultati. Nije postojala statistička razlika u KS (p = 0,83), kod PM parametara: MD (mean deviation) (p = 0,36), PSD (pattern standard deviation) (p = 0,25), i kod broja relativnih skotoma (p = 0,31), dok je broj apsolutnih skotoma pokazao statistički značajno smanjenje (p < 0,05). Naočare B (sa manjom koncentracijom fulerena od 0,025%) imale su sveukupno najbolju srednju ocenu (p < 0,00001): oko četiri petine ispitanika je bolje funkcionisalo danju, dok je oko dve trećine njih osećalo boljitak i danju i noću. Naočare B su isto tako bile superiorne u sveukupnoj oceni zadovoljstva pri svim kombinovanim dnevnim aktivnostima (4,04 ± 1,1) (p = 0,0008). Zaključak. Naočare sa plavim filterom na bazi fulerena C60 povećavaju sveukupan komfor u obavljanju dnevnih aktivnosti pri njihovom nošenju i nakon nošenja. Ovi filteri mogu da budu efikasan način zaštite od očnih bolesti uzrokovanih plavim svetlom uz povećan komfor u obavljanju svakodnevnih aktivnosti.
Reference
Atchinson D, Smith G. Optics of the Human Eye. Edinburgh, United Kingdom: Butterworth - Heinemann; 2003.
Wenzel A, Grimm C, Marti A, Kueng-Hitz N, Hafezi F, Niemeyer G, et al. c-fos controls the "private pathway" of light-induced apoptosis of retinal photoreceptors. J Neurosci 2000; 20(1): 81‒8.
Tosini G, Ferguson I, Tsubota K. Effects of blue light on the cir-cadian system and eye physiology. Mol Vis 2016; 22: 61‒72.
Boulton M, Rózanowska M, Rózanowski B. Retinal photodamage. J Photochem Photobiol B 2001; 64(2‒3): 144‒61.
Vicente-Tejedor J, Marchena M, Ramírez L, García-Ayuso D, Gómez-Vicente V, Sánchez-Ramos C, et al. Removal of the blue component of light significantly decreases retinal damage after high intensity exposure. PLoS One 2018; 13(3): e0194218.
Roberts JE. Ocular phototoxicity. J Photochem Photobiol B 2001; 64: 136–43.
Leung TW, Li RW, Kee CS. Blue-Light Filtering Spectacle Lenses: Optical and Clinical Performances. PLoS One 2017; 12(1): e0169114.
Debeljković AD, Matija LR, Koruga DJ. Characterization of nanophotonic soft contact lenses based on poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and fullerene. Hem Ind 2013; 67(6): 861–70. (Serbian)
Koruga DJ. Optical filter and method of manufacturing an op-tical filter, Int. Pat App. PCT/EP2016/063174, 2016, Int Pub Number WO 2017/211420 A1. Available from: https://patentscope.wipo.int › search › detail › docId=...
Koruga, DJ. Hyperpolarized Light: Fundamentals of NanoBi-omedical Photonics. Belgrade: Zepter Book World; 2018.
Koruga D, Mileusnić I, Matija L, Jankov M, Filipović B, Delić J, Nešković A. The Application of Nano-Photonic devices in Medicine. XLIX International Scientific and Practical Confer-ence on Application of Lasers in Medicine and Biology; 2018 October 3‒7; Hungary, Hajduszoboszlo: 2018. p. 212‒7.
Spalton DJ. Hitchings RA, Hunter P. Methods of Ocular ex-amintion. In: Spalton DJ. Hitchings RA, Hunter P. Spalton DJ, editors. Atlas of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1996. p. 1.
Pelli DG, Robson JG, Wilkins AJ, The design of a new letter chart for measuring contrast sensitivity. Clin Vision Sci 1988; 2(3): 187‒99.
Hammond BR. Attenuating Photostress and Glare Disability in Pseudophakic Patients through the Addition of a Short-Wave Absorbing Filter. J Ophthalmol 2015; 2015607635.
Cuthbertson FM, Peirson SN, Wulff K, Foster RG, Downes SM. Blue light-filtering intraocular lenses: review of potential ben-efits and side effects. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009; 35(7): 1281–97.
Fletcher AE, Bentham GC, Agnew M, Young IS, Augood C, Chakravarthy U, et al. Sunlight exposure, antioxidants, and age-related macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 2008; 126(10): 1396–403.
Tomany SC, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein R, Klein BE, Knudtson MD. Sunlight and the 10-year incidence of age-related maculopa-thy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2004; 122(5): 750–7.
Renard G, Leid J. The dangers of blue light: True story! J Fr Ophtalmol 2016; 39(5): 483‒8. (French)
O’Hagan JB, Khazova M, Price LL. Low-energy light bulbs, computers, tablets and the blue light hazard. Eye 2016; 30(2): 230–3.