Uticaj fizičke aktivnosti na prevenciju i pojavu deformiteta kičmenog stuba kod dece u razvoju
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Publikovani podaci ukazuju na to da na pojavu deformiteta kičmenog stuba kod dece značajan uticaj ima fizička aktivnost. Cilj istaživanja je bio da se ispita uticaj fizičke aktivnosti na prevenciju i pojavu deformiteta kičmenog stuba kod dece. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno po tipu opservacione, kliničke studije u periodu od 2016. do 2018. godine. Učesnici studije su bila deca sa deformitetima kičme, koja su prvi put pregledana od strane fizijatra i dečjeg hirurga. Uzorak je obuhvatio 100 dece sa deformitetima kičme, uzrasta 7–17 godina. Kontrolnu grupu je činilo 100 dece bez deformiteta kičme, sličnog uzrasta. Instrument studije bio je upitnik na bazi ankete koji su popunjavala deca ili roditelji/staratelji. Pitanja su se odnosila na različite parametre od mogućeg značaja za postojanje deformiteta kičme, a posebno na upražnjavanje fizičkih aktivnosti. Prikupljeni podaci su procesuirani korišćenjem metoda deskriptivne i analitičke statistike. Rezultati. Skolioza je bila najčešći deformitet kičmenog stuba, zastupljena kod 67% dece (p = 0.0006). Ispitanici iz obe grupe nisu se bitno razlikovali prema polu. Deca u grupi sa deformitetima kičmenog stuba bila su statistički značajno starijeg uzrasta (11,5 ± 3,1 god. vs.10,4 ± 3, 1 god, p = 0.016), povećane telesne mase (43,9 ± 16,0 kg vs. 39,3 ± 16,6 kg, p = 0.046) i visine (151,7 ± 17,2 cm vs.145,8 ± 18,2 cm, p = 0.019) i bila su manje fizički aktivna (81,0% vs. 92,0%, p = 0,001). Preko 80% dece se redovno bavilo fizičkim aktivnostima, češće rekreativno i u proseku 2,5–3 sata nedeljno. Zaključak. Deca iz grupe sa deformitetima kičme su bila značajno manje uključena u fizičke aktivnosti u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu, ali nije bilo značajne razlike u učestalosti i trajanju vremena provedenog u fizičkim aktivnostima tokom nedelje. Za decu je važno da se bave fizičkim aktivnostima, rekreativno, a prema našem istraživanju 3 sata nedeljno.
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