Hemijska i farmakološka karakterizacija vodenog i etanolnog ekstrakta lukovica Cyclamen hederifolium Ait. (Primulaceae)
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Cyclamen hederifolium (C. hederifolium) Ait. pripada familiji Primulaceae koja obuhvata 23 vrste ciklame, prirodno rasprostranjene u Centralnoj i Južnoj Evropi, Zapadnoj Aziji i nekim delovima Severne Afrike. Ta biljka se smatra otrovnom i nije pogodna za ljudsku upotrebu. Međutim, ekstrakti lukovica se koriste u tradicionalnoj medicini i homeopatiji. Cilj istraživanja je bio ispitivanje sadržaja metala, fenola, flavonoida i bioloških aktivnosti (antioksidativna, antibakterijska, antifungalna i citotoksična) C. hederifolium koji prirodno raste u Srbiji. Metode. Sadržaj metala određen je metodom atomske apsorpcione spektofotometrije. Za procenu antioksidativne aktivnosti i vodenog i etanolnog ekstrakta C. hederifolium korišćeno je više različitih testova: 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, total reducing power (TRP) assay i cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assay. Test disk difuzije je korišćen za ispitivanje osetljivosti laboratorijskih bakterijskih i gljivičnih sojeva na ispitivane ekstrakte. Vodeni i etanolni ekstrakti C. hederifolium ispitivani su na 4 različite tumorske ćelijske linije pomoću in vitro MTT testa. Rezultati. Prisustvo Mn, Ca,
Mg, Fe, Zn, K, Cu je potvrđeno u vodenom i etanolnom ekstraktu, kao i u lukovicama i zemljištu, dok Cr, Ni, Pb i Cd nisu detektovani. I vodeni i etanolni ekstrakt lukovica C. hederifolium pokazali su antioksidativnu aktivnost, koja je bila u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa sadržajem fenola i flavonoida u njemu, pri čemu je vodeni ekstrakt bio superiorniji od etanolnog ekstrakta. Niti jedan od testiranih ekstrakata nije imao antimikrobnu aktivnost. Oba ekstrakta su ispoljila citotoksičnost protiv četiri tumorske ćelijske linije 4T1, HCT116, CT26, LLC1 u koncentracionom opsegu 15 625–2 000 μg/mL. Etanolni ekstrakt je pokazao snažniju citotoksičnost od vodenog ekstrakta. Zaključak. U zemlji, lukovicama i ekstraktima C. Hederofolium detektovano je sedam metala. Oba ekstrakta su pokazala antioksidativno i citotoksično dejstvo.
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