Uticaj kardiovaskularne rehabilitacije na toleranciju fizičkog napora – da li je pol zaista bitan?
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Pol, kao faktor rizika od kardiovaskularnih bolesti (KVB), je bio predmet ispitivanja u brojnim studijama. Sve one upozoravaju na nedostatke u dijagnostičkom pristupu i načinu lečenja žena obolelih od koronarne bolesti srca. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se utvrdi da li postoji razlika u efektima kardiovaskularne rehabilitacije (KVR) na toleranciju fizičkog napora u odnosu na pol kod ispitanika sa koronarnom bolešću srca. Metode. U ispitivanje je bilo uključeno 684 bolesnika, od toga 506 (74,0%) muškaraca i 178 (26,0%) žena. Svi ispitanici su upućeni na program KVR u Institut za lečenje i rehabilitaciju Niška Banja nakon preživelog srčanog udara, perkutane koronarne intervencije i/ili hirurške revaskularizacije miokarda. Tokom tronedeljnog programa stacinonarne rehabilitacije, bolesnici su bili podvrgnuti doziranom i personalizovanom fizičkom treningu. Na početku i kraju rehabilitacije svim bolesnicima je urađen test fizičkog opterećenja. Rezultati. Kod muškaraca prosečan nivo opterećenja je bio značajno veći na drugom testu (t = 4,368; p < 0,001). Trajanje testa je bilo takođe znatno duže na drugom testu (Z = 11,836; p < 0,001). I kod žena prosečan nivo opterećenja je bio značajno veći (t = 5,352; p < 0,001), a trajanje testa značajno duže (Z = 7,471; p < 0,001) na drugom testu. Zaključak. Tronedeljni program KVR doveo je do poboljšanja tolerancije fizičkog napora i kod muškaraca i kod žena. Naše istraživanje je još jednom pokazalo da žene imaju podjednaku korist od sprovođenja KVR. I pored toga žene u značajno manjoj meri participiraju u programima KVR. Neophodno je učiniti dodatni napor kako bi se medicinsko osoblje dodatno edukovalo o značaju upućivanja žena na program KVR.
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