Prepoznavanje emocija i afektivnih stavova kod dece sa poremećajem pažnje i hiperaktivnošću
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Deca sa poremećajem pažnje i hiperaktivnošću (ADHD) pokazuju slabije prepoznavanje sopstvenih emocija i veće ispoljavanje teškoća u ponašanju od dece koja nemaju tu smetnju. Samim tim je pogođeno i prepoznavanje tuđih emocija koje se ispoljavaju ne samo jezičkim sadržajem već i izrazom lica i načinom izražavanja emotivne poruke govorom. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispita kako deca sa ADHD prepoznaju emocije u govoru (radost, ljutnju, strah, tugu) i afektivne stavove (pretnju i zapovest) u odnosu na decu sa tipičnim razvojem. Većina istraživanja iz ove oblasti fokusirana je na prepoznavanje emocija na osnovu izraza lica, a ne na osnovu emocija u govoru. Metode. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 31 dete sa ADHD i 29 dece sa tipičnim razvojem uzrasta od 6 do 13 godina. Za procenu sposobnosti prepoznavanja emocija i afektivnih stavova korišćen je korpus za procenu Govorne emocionalne ekspresije i stavova (GEES). U tom korpusu su bile rečenice koje su izražavale emocije ljutnje, radosti, straha i tuge, a od afektivnih stavova pretnju i zapovest. Rezultati. Deca sa ADHD imala su lošije prepoznavanje emocija i afektivnih stavova u govoru u odnosu na decu sa tipičnim razvojem (t = 8.81; p = 0.000). Radost je bila jedina emocija gde nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika. Za druge emocije i afektivne stavove utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike (p < 0.01). Utvrđena je statistički značajna povezanost između uzrasta i prepoznavanja emocija i afektivnih stavova u obe grupe, ali je ta povezanost bila izraženija kod dece sa tipičnim razvojem. Zaključak. Rezultati istraživanja su dali važne pokazatelje o percepciji emocija i afektivnih stavova u govoru kod dece sa ADHD. Ovi rezultati su veoma bitni za osmišljavanje terapijskih procedura, posebno u razvoju strategija za modeliranje ponašanja dece sa ADHD.
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