Izbor optimalne lokacije postrojenja za spaljivanje medicinskog otpada: izazov u upravljanju rizikom od medicinskog otpada
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Među izazovima 21. veka, medicinski otpad (MO) je, imajući u vidu povećanje njegove količine, raznovrsnost i kompleksnost, postao rastući problem kako za životnu sredinu, tako i za ljude. Zbog toga je upravljanje MO postalo jedan od veoma važnih ekoloških imperativa. Srbija nema potencijala za adekvatno odlaganje celokupnog MO i mora da ga izvozi u zemlje koje imaju postrojenja za njegovo spaljivanje. Spaljivanje MO smanjuje moguće rizike prouzrokovane njegovim neodgovarajućim odlaganjem kao i emisije zagađivača životne sredine, ali rezultira potrebom za „pametnim” izborom lokacije za postrojenja za spaljivanje da bi bili ispunjeni različiti ekološki, ekonomski i tehnički kriterijumi. Metode. Za izbor optimalne lokacije postrojenja za spaljivanje MO korišćeni su sledeći kriterijumi: količina MO koja mora da se transportuje, vreme transporta između lokacija, trenutno zagađenje lokacije, stopa nezaposlenosti i bezbednost lokacije u odnosu na njenu izloženost prirodnim nepogodama i nesrećama. Korišćenjem rezultata za sedam efikasnih lokacija dobijenih metodom Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), upotrebili smo model ciljnog programiranja za dalju analizu izbora najpogodnije lokacije za postrojenje za spaljivanja MO. Rezultati. Primenom metode DEA za izabrani scenario i analize kriterijuma relevantnih za izbor najpogodnije lokacije, nađeno je sedam efikasnih lokacija za postrojenje za spaljivanje MO. Optimalna lokacija je bila lokacija 13. Zaključak. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, pokazali smo da je primenom ciljnog programiranja moguće razviti metodologiju za selekciju optimalne lokacije za postrojenje za spaljivanje MO, kao jedne od neophodnih aktivnosti za upravljanje rizikom od MO.
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