Oksidativni/antioksidativni efekti jona srebra i rastvora hlorheksidina u salivi i gingivalnoj tečnosti pacijenata sa parodontopatijom
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Hronična parodontopatija je inflamatorno oboljenje. Oksidativni stres je veoma važan faktor u razvoju parodontopatije, tako da je praćenje mogućnosti antioksidativnih delovanja antiseptika, kao što su hlorheksidin (CHX) i rastvor jona srebra (SSI), koristan biomarker u proceni oporavka oštećenja tkiva tokom lečenja parodontopatije. Metode. Kliničko istraživanje obuhvatilo je kontrolnu grupu (grupu zdravih dobrovoljaca), kao i pacijente sa parodontopatijom, koji su bili podeljeni u dve podgrupe: pre terapije antisepticima (CHX ili SSI) i nakon terapije. Merenje parametara oksidativnog stresa i antioksidativne zaštite obuhvatilo je određivanje koncentracije reaktivnih produkata tiobarbiturne kiseline (TBARS) i aktivnosti ukupne superoksid dizmutaze (tSOD) u salivi i gingivalnoj tečnosti (GCF) pacijenata sa parodontopatijom. Rezultati. Koncentracija TBARS bila je povećana u salivi pre CHX tretmana u poređenju sa grupom pacijenata sa paradontopatijom posle CHX tretmana, kao i pre CHX ili SSI antiseptičnih tretmana u GCF u poređenju sa kontrolom i grupama pacijenata sa parodontopatijom nakon tretmana. Kod pacijenata pre SSI tretmana aktivnost tSOD u salivi je bila povećana u poređenju sa kontrolnom grupom tretiranom SSI, kao i grupom pacijenata nakon SSI tretmana. Takođe, aktivnost tSOD bila je povećana u GCF kod pacijenata sa parodontopatijom pre tretmana antisepticima (CHX, SSI) u poređenju sa kontrolnom ili grupom pacijenata posle odgovarajućeg tretmana. Zaključak. Prikazani rezultati pokazuju indukciju lipidne peroksidacije u GCF, što dovodi do pokretanja oksidativnog stresa u toku zapaljenja kod parodontopatije. Studija ukazuje na to da antiseptici sa antioksidativnim delovanjem mogu redukovati pokrenuto oštećenje tkiva u parodontopatiji. Određivanje oksidativnih/antioksidativnih parametara može biti od značaja u dijagnostici, praćenju i prognozi kliničkog stanja pacijenata sa parodontopatijom.
Reference
Hoare A, Soto C, Rojas-Celis V, Bravo D. Chronic Inflammation as a Link between Periodontitis and Carcinogenesis. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019: 1029857.
Trivedi S, Lal N, Mahdi AA, Singh B, Pandey S. Association of salivary lipid peroxidation levels, antioxidant enzymes, and chronic periodontitis. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2015; 35(2): e14‒9.
Halliwell B. Free radicals and antioxidants: a personal view. Nutr Rev 1994; 52(8 Pt 1): 253‒65.
Naresh CK, Rao SM, Shetty PR, Ranganath V, Patil AS, Anu AJ. Salivary antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde and sialic acid levels among smokers and non-smokers with chronic periodontitis-A clinico-biochemical study. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8(9): 2960‒4.
Del Rio D, Stewart AJ, Pellegrini N. A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2005; 15(4): 316‒28.
Sculley DV, Langley-Evans SC. Salivary antioxidants and perio-dontal disease status. Proc Nutr Soc 2002; 61(1): 137‒43.
Ambati M, Rani KR, Reddy PV, Suryaprasanna J, Dasari R, Gireddy H. Evaluation of oxidative stress in chronic periodon-titis patients following systemic antioxidant supplementation: A clinical and biochemical study. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2017; 8(1): 99‒103.
Novakovic N, Todorovic T, Rakic M, Milinkovic I, Dozic I, Jankovic S, et al. Salivary antioxidants as periodontal biomarkers in evaluation of tissue status and treatment outcome. J Perio-dontal Res 2014; 49(1): 129‒36.
Ghallab NA. Diagnostic potential and future directions of bi-omarkers in gingival crevicular fluid and saliva of periodontal diseases: Review of the current evidence. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 87: 115‒24.
Edgar WM. Saliva: its secretion, composition and functions. Br Dent J 1992; 172(8): 305–12.
Su H, Gornitsky M, Velly AM, Yu H, Benarroch M, Schipper HM. Salivary DNA, lipid, and protein oxidation in nonsmokers with periodontal disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46(7): 914‒21.
Gunpinar S, Meraci B, Dundar N. Netrin-1 and its receptor Unc5b as markers of periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 2020; 55(2): 267‒76.
Schenkels LC, Veerman EC, Nieuw Amerongen AV. Biochemical composition of human saliva in relation to other mucosal flu-ids. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1995; 6(2): 161‒75.
Perozini C, Chibebe PC, Leao MV, Queiroz Cda S, Pallos D. Gin-gival crevicular fluid biochemical markers in periodontal dis-ease: a cross-sectional study. Quintessence Int 2010; 41(10): 877‒83.
Armitage GC. Clinical evaluation of periodontal diseases. Per-iodontol 2000 1995; 7: 39‒53.
Sigusch BW, Engelbrecht M, Völpel A, Holletschke A, Pfister W, Schütze J. Full-mouth antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected periodontitis patients. J Periodontol 2010; 81(7): 975‒81.
Alidaee MR, Taheri A, Mansoori P, Ghods SZ. Silver nitrate cau-tery in aphthous stomatitis: A randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2005; 153: 521‒5.
Berchier CE, Slot DE, Van der Weijden GA. The efficacy of 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse compared with 0.12% gel on plaque accumulation and periodontal parameters: A sys-tematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37: 829‒39.
Spacciapoli P, Buxton D, Rothstein D, Friden P. Antimicrobial ac-tivity of silver nitrate against periodontal pathogens. J Perio-dontal Res 2001; 36(2): 108‒13.
Kovacevic VM, Dakovic DR, Bokonjic DR. Adjunctive effect of colloidal silver ions solution in the treatment of chronic peri-odontal disease: A preliminary clinical study. Vojnosanit Pregl 2018; 75(12): 1216‒21.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). Toxicological Profile for Silver. TP-90-24. GA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Atlanta: ATSDR; At-lanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service; 1990.
Borges I Jr, Moreira EAM, Filho DW, de Oliveira TB, da Silva MBS, Fröde TS. Proinflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Periodontal Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2007; 2007: 45794.
Hartroth B, Seyfahrt I, Conrads G. Sampling of periodontal pathogens by paper points: evaluation of basic parameters. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1999; 14(5): 326‒30.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein meas-urement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193(1): 265‒75.
Girotti MJ, Khan N, Mc Lellan BA. Early measurement of sys-temic lipid peroxidation products in the plasma of major blunt trauma patients. J Trauma 1991; 31(1): 32‒5.
Sun M, Zigman S. An improved spectrophotometric assay for superoxide dismutase based on epinephrine autooxidation. Anal Biochem 1978; 90(1): 81–9.
Li W, Wang RE, Finger M, Lang NP. Evaluation of antigingi-vitis effects of a chlorhexidine mouthwash with or without an antidiscoloration system compared to placebo during experi-mental gingivitis. J Investig Clin Dent 2014; 5(1): 15‒22.
Poorsattar Bejeh-Mir A, Parsian H, Akbari Khoram M, Ghasemi N, Bijani A, Khosravi-Samani M. Diagnostic Role of Salivary and GCF Nitrite, Nitrate and Nitric Oxide to Distinguish Healthy Periodontium from Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Int J Mol Cell Med 2014; 3(3): 138‒45.
Taso E, Stefanovic V, Stevanovic I, Vojvodic D, Topic A, Petkovic-Curcin A, et al. Influence of dental restorations on oxidative stress in gingival crevicular fluid. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018: 1823189.
Wei D, Zhang XL, Wang YZ, Yang CX, Chen G. Lipid peroxi-dation levels, total oxidant status and superoxide dismutase in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodon-titis patients before and after periodontal therapy. Aust Dent J 2010; 55(1): 70‒8.
Tsai CC, Chen HS, Chen SL, Ho YP, Ho KY, Wu YM, et al. Li-pid peroxidation: a possible role in the induction and progres-sion of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2005; 40(5): 378‒84.
Atuğ Özcan SS, Ceylan I, Ozcan E, Kurt N, Dağsuyu IM, Canakçi CF. Evaluation of oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Dis Markers 2014; 2014: 597892.
Panjamurthy K, Manoharan S, Ramachandran CR. Lipid peroxida-tion and antioxidant status in patients with periodontitis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2005; 10(2): 255‒64.
Butler CA, Veith PD, Nieto MF, Dashper SG, Reynolds EC. Ly-sine acetylation is a common post-translational modification of key metabolic pathway enzymes of the anaerobe Porphy-romonas gingivalis. J Proteomics 2015; 128: 352‒64.