Uticaj zdravstvenog statusa i drugih relevantnih faktora na kvalitet života starijih ljudi
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Svetska populacija ubrzano stari. Pravi izazov je izaći u susret najvažnijim potrebama starih ljudi u velikim gradovima. Cilj rada bio je da se istraži uticaj zdravstvenog stanja kao i drugih bitnih faktora koji doprinose kvalitetu života starijih ljudi u Beogradu, Srbija. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno u oktobru 2019. godine na reprezentativnom uzorku koji su činile 764 osobe starosti između 65 do 79 godina života (srednja vrednost ± standardna devijacija = 72,68 ± 7,11 godina), (39,9% muškog i 60,1% ženskog pola) koje žive na teritoriji Beograda. U istraživanju je korišćen upitnik formiran na osnovu metodologije Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (SZO) za gradove prilagođene starijim osobama (age-friendly cities), a cilj je bio da se istraži 11 faktora koji su važni za pomenutu populaciju. Rezultati. Faktor fizičke dostupnosti zajednice i socio-ekonomski faktori bili su izuzetno značajni [χ2 (df = 3, n = 764) = 238,905; p < 0,001, odnosno χ2 (df = 3, n = 764) = 207,571; p < 0,001] i objasnili su 39,4%, odnosno 35% varijanse perceptivnog kvaliteta života. Socijalno okruženje je objasnilo 24,6% varijanse perceptivnog kvaliteta života [χ2 (df = 4, n = 764) = 140,242; p < 0,001]. Zdravstveni status je imao najznačajniji efekat u odnosu na percepciju kvaliteta života i objasnio je čak 46,7% varijanse [χ2 (df = 8, n = 764) = 292,083; p < 0,001]. Kada se analizirao jedinstveni uticaj zdravstvenog stanja na kvalitet života, uz istovremenu kontrolu drugih varijabli, zdravstveni status je objasnio 21,6% varijanse, uz onu koja se objašnjava fizičkom dostupnošću, socijalno-ekonomskim statusom i socijalnim okruženjem. Zaključak. Iako je zdravstveni status imao najveći uticaj na percepciju kvaliteta života starijih ljudi, intervencije na drugim životno važnim poljima kao što su fizička dostupnost, socijalno-ekonomski status i socijalno okruženje mogu imati pozitivan uticaj na percipirani kvalitet života tamo gde sam zdravstveni status starijih ljudi ne može biti poboljšan.
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