Praktične veštine osoba sa oštećenjem vida
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Niz ličnih i činilaca sredine utiče na usvajanje praktičnih veština (PV), kao i na adaptivno ponašanje (AP) u celini. Cilj rada bio je da se utvrdi nivo usvajanja praktičnih adaptivnih veština (PAV) kod odraslih osoba sa oštećenjem vida (OV), u poređenju sa normama u opštoj populaciji, kao i u odnosu na vizuelni status (slabovidost i slepilo), vreme gubitka vida, pol, životno doba, porodični status, nivo obrazovanja i radni status ispitanika. Metode. U istraživanju je dobrovoljno učestovalo 79 (62,2%) slepih i 48 (37,8%) slabovidih ispitanika tipičnih intelektualnih sposobnosti. Ispitanici su bili starosti od 19 do 60 godina, srednja vrednost 36,1 ± 11,8 godina. Za procenu nivoa usvajanja PAV korišćen je domen PV koji pripada sistemu Adaptive Behavior Assessment System II (ABAS II). Rezultati. Vrednosti skorova ostvarenih na subtestovima/oblastima koji pripadaju domenu PV kretali su se u rangu od ekstremno niskih do prosečnih. Ekstremno niske vrednosti su zabeležene na subtestu Posao. Na subtestovima Život u zajednici, Život u kući i Zdravlje i bezbednost, skorovi su bili u rangu vrednosti ispod proseka, a na subtestu Briga o sebi, postignuti rezultati bili su u rangu prosečnih. Stepen usvajanja PV kod osoba sa OV prvenstveno je zavisio od kategorije OV, a utvrđena je i značajna povezanost sa porodičnim statusom i radnim iskustvom. Zaključak. Osobe sa OV ispoljavaju značajna ograničenja u oblasti PV, što ukazuje na potrebu podrške programa koji podstiču razvoj njihovog nezavisnog funkcionisanja.
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