Smanjenje insulinske rezistencije i poboljšanje metabolomičkih osobina seruma kod osoba sa smanjenom tolerancijom na glukozu, tretiranih biljkom Hibiscus esculentus L.
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Predijabetes je stanje u kome je nivo šećera u krvi viši od normalnog, ali još nije dostigao dijagnostičke kriterijume za dijabetes melitus (DM). Smanjena tolerancija na glukozu (STG) je glavni predijabetesni simptom a kod većine obolelih od DM tipa 2 bolest se razvila kao posledica progresije predijabetesa. Cilj rada bio je da se odrede promene metabolomičkih osobina seruma kod osoba sa STG, koje su konzumirale čaj od biljke Hibiskus esculentus L. (H. esculentus), u kombinaciji sa promenom načina života. Metode. Ukupno 60 ispitanika sa STG podeljeno je na dve grupe. Jedna grupa ispitanika promenila je način života (jednostavna kontrola ishrane) – KI grupa, a u drugoj grupi bili su ispitanici koji su, pored toga što su promenili način života, konzumirali i čaj od biljke H. esculentus (na dnevnom nivou 20 grama sušenog voćnog čaja) – KIH grupa. Cilj je bio da se uporede vrednosti glukoze u krvi, insulina, indeksa rezistencije na insulin (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance – HOMA-IR) i metabolomičkih osobina seruma između te dve grupe ispitanika nakon 60 dana kliničke opservacije. Rezultati. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u nivou glukoze u krvi između dve grupe po završetku 60-dnevnog perioda opservacije. Indeks HOMA-IR u grupi KIH bio je niži nego u KI grupi (1,7 ± 1,1 vs. 2,4 ± 1,2, p = 0,030). Rezultati ispitivanja metabolomičkih osobina seruma otkrili su da su nivoi d-galaktoze, d-glukoze, turanoze i mokraćne kiseline u KIH grupi bili značajno niži u poređenju sa KI grupom (16,7 ± 3,9 mmol/L vs. 21,2 ± 2,9 mmol/L, 101,5 ± 40,2 mmol/L vs. 132,9 ± 36,7 mmol/L, 1,8 ± 1,6 mmol/L vs. 3,76 ± 2,46 mmol/L, 44,56 ± 15,7 µmol/L vs. 67,8 ± 23,5 µmol/L, redom). Nivoi mlečne kiseline i konjugovane linoleične kiseline u KIH grupi bili su značajno viši nego kod ispitanika iz KI grupe (3,3 ± 0,5 mmol/L vs. 2,3 ± 0,8 mmol/L, 6,9 ± 6,1 mmol/L vs. 2,1 ± 1,2 mmol/L, redom). Zaključak. Unos biljke H. esculentus u kombinaciji sa promenama načina života može umanjiti insulinsku rezistenciju i smanjiti nivo većeg broja monosaharida i mokraćne kiseline u krvi osoba sa STG. Regulisanje metabolizma mlečne kiseline i konjugovane linoleične kiseline može biti potencijalni mehanizam koji objašnjava kako H. esculentus smanjuje insulinsku rezistenciju.
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