Anksioznost i simptomi depresije među decom i adolescentima u pandemiji COVID-19 – sistematski pregled
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Deca i adolescenti su osetljiva grupa za razvoj psihičkih poremećaja tokom krize. Cilj ovog sistematskog pregleda literature bio je da se proceni uticaj pandemije COVID-19 na razvoj simptoma anksioznosti i depresije u populaciji dece i omladine. Metode. Sistematski pregled literature je urađen pomoću PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protokola, uključujući Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health i APA Psyc Info baze podataka, u cilju identifikovanja relevantnih istraživanja o simptomima anskioznosti i depresije kod dece i adolescenata u toku pandemije COVID-19. Pregledano je 27 radova. Rezultati. Simptomi anksioznosti su se povećali sa 28,3% pre pandemije na 49,5% tokom „zatvaranja“ usled pandemije [General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 ≥ 11)] (McNemar test p < 0,0001). Ustanovljen je i skok u simptomima depresije, kao i u telesnoj masi i poremećajima spavanju, koji karakterišu smetnje u mentalnom zdravlju dece i adolescenata. Poremećaj raspoloženja (pad) je bio veći kod tinejdžera ženskog, u odnosu na tinejdžere muškog pola. Pokazane su pozitivne korelacije između anksioznosti i drugih varijabli: kliničkih depresivnih simptoma i anksioznost (3/14), zavisnosti od pametnih telefona i interneta (2/14), nižeg porodičnog prihoda (2/14), percipirane opasnosti (2/14), viših razreda u školi (2/14), i
usamljenosti (1/14). Pokazane su i pozitivne korelacije između depresije i socijalne isključenosti dece i adolescenata (3/17). Konačno, pokazana je povezanost između majki sa višim nivoima obrazovanja i prihoda i osećanja sreće (2/17). Zaključak. Pandemija COVID-19 ima snažan uticaj na mentalno zdravlje dece i adolescenata odnosno pojavu simptoma depresiije i anksioznosti. Zbog toga bi u osnovnim, srednjim i višim školama trebalo sprovoditi programe prevencije, sa fokusom na razvoj strategija prevladavanja. Mentalno zdravlje bi trebalo da postane prioritetna tema vlada zemalja, a trenutna pandemija mogućnost da se istakne važnost brige o mentalnom blagostanju i ulaganja u poboljšanje kliničkih treninga, tretmana i istraživanja u oblasti mentalnog zdravlja.
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