Rasprostranjenost i faktori povezani sa simptomima depresije kod studenata prve i završne godine studija medicine
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Istraživanja pokazuju da se mentalno zdravlje studenata medicine pogoršava tokom studija i da studenti medicine imaju povećan rizik za pojavu depresije. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi prevalencija simptoma depresije, kao i da se ispita povezanost simptoma depresije i različitih faktora rizika među studentima prve i šeste godine studija medicine na Univerzitetu u Novom Sadu,. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao studija preseka među studentima Medicinskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Novom Sadu. Uzorak je činilo 308 studenata (213 studenata prve i 95 studenata završne godine studiranja). Prisustvo depresivnih simptoma je ispitivano primenom PHQ-9 upitnika (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), a pitanje 9 je upotrebljeno za procenu prisustva suicidalnih misli. Samopuzdanje je procenjivano na osnovu Rozenbergovove skale (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). Upitnik je obuhvatio pitanja o materijalnom statusu, stilu života i korišćenju zdravstvene zaštite iz oblasti mentalnog zdravlja. Univarijantna i multivarijantna logistička regresija je upotrebljena za utvrđivanje povezanosti PHQ-9 skora ≥10 i različitih faktora rizika. Rezultati. Prevalencija depresivne epizode među studentima medicine je bila 16,6%. Suicidalne ideje je imalo skoro 9% studenata. Studenti prve godine sa niskim nivoom samopouzdanja su imali skoro sedam puta veću šansu da imaju umerene do teške simptome depresije od onih sa visokim nivoom samopouzdanja. Oni koji su koristili lekove za smirenje ili spavanje bez recepta su imali skoro pet puta veće šanse za PHQ-9 skor ≥10 (OR=4,97; 95% CI: 1,83-13,52). Loši ili prosečni socijalni odnosi i nizak nivo samopouzdanja prediktori su PHQ-9 skora ≥10 kod studenata šeste godine. Zaključak. Rezultati pokazuju visoku prevalenciju depresivne epizode kod studenata prve i šeste godine medicine, koja je povezana sa niskim samopouzdanjem u obe grupe studenata, upotrebom lekova za spavanje ili smirenje među studentima prve i lošim socijalnim zdravljem kod studenata šeste godine. U cilju prevencije depresije potrebno je uvesti skrining za depresiju kod studenata medicine i uspostaviti preventivne i interventne programe.
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