Perinatalna hipoksija kao faktor rizika od težeg leksičko-semantičkog deficita kod dece sa razvojnim jezičkim poremećajem
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. U literaturi postoji mali broj radova o uticaju perinatalne hipoksije (PH) na jezičke sposobnosti dece starijeg uzrasta. Takođe, ne postoje studije o uticaju PH na obim i težinu jezičkog deficita dece sa razvojnim jezičkim poremećajem (RJP). Cilj rada bio je da se ispitaju razlike u leksičko-semantičkim (LS) sposobnostima dece sa RJP i sa istorijom PH (RJPph) i dece sa RJP bez neuroloških faktora rizika (RJPbnfr). Metode. Uzorak je činilo 96 dece uzrasta od 5 do 8 godina, svrstanih u tri grupe: RJPph grupa (25 dece), RJPbnfr grupa (30 dece) i grupa od 41 tipično razvijene (TR) dece istog uzrasta. U cilju poređenja razlika koje zavise od uzrasta, formirane su i dve dodatne starosne grupe – deca predškolskog i deca školskog uzrasta (5–6 i 7–8 godina, redom). Za merenje LS sposobnosti primenjeni su specifični testovi za procenu obima ekspresivnog vokabulara (EV), semantičkog procesiranja (SP) i leksičke produktivnosti (LPr). Za procenu LPr primenjena je mera računanja leksičke raznovrsnosti u uzorku spontanog govora. Rezultati. Rezultati su pokazali statistički značajne razlike između grupa RJPph i RJPbnfr na testu procene SP (p < 0,05), ali ne i na testovima za procenu EV (p = 0,350) i LPr (p = 0,118). Međutim, detaljna analiza razvojnih tendencija dece predškolskog i ranog školskog uzrasta pokazala je da su deca iz grupe RJPph značajno napredovala samo u domenu EV (p < 0,01), dok su deca iz grupe RJPbnfr značajno napredovala u domenu EV i SP (p < 0,001). Što se tiče razvojnih tendencija u domenu LPr, ni u jednoj od dve grupe sa RJP nije utvrđen značajan napredak. Zaključak. Kod RJPph dece, teža forma LS deficita u oblasti sposobnosti SP može biti povezana sa PH. Takođe, PH može doprineti sporijem napredovanju šireg spektra LS sposobnosti.
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