Povezanost između navika u ishrani i nedovoljne fizičke aktivnosti među adolescentima
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Nedovoljan nivo fizičke aktivnosti i loša ishrana doveli su do povećanja broja gojaznih adolescenata i kardiometaboličkih problema. Cilj rada bio je da se analizira povezanost između navika u ishrani i niskog nivoa fizičke aktivnosti kod adolescenata. Metode. Studijom preseka, sprovedenom tokom maja 2017. godine, obuhvaćeno je ukupno 389 ispitanika, uzrasta 15–19 godina. Instrument istraživanja bio je upitnik o demografskim karakteristikama, fizičkoj aktivnosti (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), kao i navikama u ishrani. Podaci su analizirani korišćenjem univarijantne i multivarijantne logističke regresione analize. Rezultati. Ukupno 131 (33,7%) ispitanik imao je nizak nivo fizičke aktivnosti, a 258 (66,3%) umeren/visok nivo fizičke aktivnosti. Adolescenti sa umerenim/visokim nivoom fizičke aktivnosti su značajno češće bili muškarci i učenici medicinske škole. Takođe, oni su značajno češće doručkovali, jeli ribu češće ili bar dva puta nedeljno, jeli voće jednom ili više puta dnevno i generalno su se hranili zdravo, u poređenju sa srednjoškolcima sa niskim nivoom fizičke aktivnosti. Među faktorima povezanim sa niskim nivoom fizičke aktivnosti bili su: ženski pol, doručkovanje nikada/ponekad, konzumiranje ribe ređe od dva puta nedeljno, voća ređe nego jednom dnevno, održavanje zdrave ishrane i adolescentni uzrast 18–19 godina. Zaključak. Ovom studijom identifikovano je nekoliko statistički značajnih nezavisnih faktora, koji su povezani sa niskim nivoom fizičke aktivnosti kod adolescenata. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, neophodno je preduzeti određene korektivne mere, promovisati fizičku aktivnost, korigovati navike u ishrani i način života, posebno u ženskoj populaciji i kod adolescenata uzrasta 18–19 godina. Veoma je važna edukacija adolescenata i njihovih roditelja.
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