Uvid u lečenje obolelih od melanoma za vreme pandemije COVID-19 – iskustvo jednog centra
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Uprkos svim inovacijama u medicini, za melanom se i dalje beleže porast incidence i visoka smrtnost, zbog čega predstavlja značajan izazov za zdravstveni sistem. Pandemija koronavirusne bolesti 2019 (COVID-19), koja je trajala tri godine, preusmerila je resurse zdravstvene zaštite, obustavila preventivne programe i opteretila zdravstveni sistem, što je uticalo na lečenje obolelih od melanoma. Cilj rada bio je da se proceni uticaj pandemije COVID-19 na lečenje obolelih od melanoma. Metode. Retrospektivnom studijom su obuhvaćeni oboleli od melanoma koji su lečeni u jednom tercijarnom zdravstvenom centru tokom dva trogodišnja perioda: pre-COVID-19 perioda (2017–2019) i perioda pandemije COVID-19 (2020–2022). Prikupljeni su i upoređeni sledeći podaci: demografske karakteristike bolesnika, karakteristike melanoma, vremenski interval od biopsije do radikalne hirurške intervencije i udeo tankih i debelih melanoma. Rezultati. Tokom perioda pandemije COVID-19, u odnosu na period pre pandemije, zastupljenost obolelih od melanoma je smanjena 30%. Najveći pad registrovan je tokom 2020. godine, u vreme uvedenog vanrednog stanja u zemlji. Procenat tankog melanoma, kao mera uspešnih programa skrininga, značajno se smanjio tokom pandemije COVID-19 (11,57% naspram 24,01%), dok se srednja debljina melanoma, prema skali Breslow, nije značajno promenila. Distribucija različitih histoloških tipova melanoma bila je nepromenjena u oba perioda. Prosečno vreme od biopsije do hirurškog zahvata ostalo je slično između dva perioda, oko 40 dana. Zaključak. Uprkos izazovima koje je donela pandemija COVID-19, melanom ostaje kritično pitanje zdravstvene zaštite. Ovo istraživanje je istaklo značaj davanja prioriteta lečenju obolelih od melanoma u urgentnim okolnostima, kako bi se obezbedila rana identifikacija bolesnika i njihovo pravovremeno lečenje, u cilju njihovog boljeg preživljavanja i manjih troškova lečenja.
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