Jačanje apotekarske prakse: razvoj i validacija Skale otpornosti
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Uprkos zahtevnoj prirodi njihovih uloga u javnim apotekama i kritičnom značaju za bezbednost pacijenata, zdravstveni radnici, uključujući farmaceute, često nisu obuhvaćeni Skalom otpornosti. Zbog toga je cilj rada bio da se razvije i validira skala otpornosti posebno prilagođena farmaceutima zaposlenim u javnim apotekama. Metode. Istraživanje je uključilo razvoj i validaciju skale usmerene na procenu psihološke otpornosti među farmaceutima zaposlenim u javnim apotekama. Domeni i stavke skale razmatrani su sa aspekta pregleda dostupne literature. Validacija sadržaja od strane stručnjaka za predmetnu oblast i naknadno izračunavanje indeksa validnosti sadržaja osigurali su validnost sadržaja skale. Procena pojavne validnosti (face validnosti) osigurala je usklađenost sa pretpostavljenim konstruktom. Konačna skala distribuirana je na uzorku od 504 farmaceuta zaposlenih u javnim apotekama, nakon čega je skala analizirana primenom statističkih metoda kao što su faktorska analiza, multipla regresija i analiza pouzdanosti. Dodatno, analiza pouzdanosti test-retest metodom izvršena je na uzorku od 80 farmaceuta zaposlenih u javnim apotekama. Rezultati. Tokom sesija grupnog promišljanja (brainstorming sesija) i fokus grupa generisano je 95 stavki u okviru pet domena – Samopouzdanje, Agilnost, Savladavanje stresa, Međuljudski odnosi i Razvojno mišljenje. Nakon stručnog pregleda i rigorozne analize validnosti sadržaja i pojavne validnosti zadržano je 30 stavki sa vrednostima indeksa validnosti sadržaja i indeksa pojavne validnosti iznad 0,80. Skala je pokazala snažnu unutrašnju konzistentnost, sa Cronbach-ovim alfa koeficijentom preko 0,9. Faktorska analiza potvrdila je petofaktorsku strukturu, pri čemu je svaka komponenta pokazala visoka faktorska opterećenja i značajno opterećenje stavki samo na jednoj komponenti. Zaključak. Skala otpornosti pokazala se kao odgovarajući alat za procenu otpornosti farmaceuta zaposlenih u javnim apotekama, demonstrirajući zadovoljavajuće psihometrijske karakteristike. Ova studija doprinela je dokazima o validnosti u vezi sa sadržajem i unutrašnjom strukturom, čime je povećan kredibilitet skale u proceni domena otpornosti u okviru farmaceutske profesije.
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