Karakteristike nasilne smrti u obdukcionom materijalu Instituta za patologiju i sudsku medicinu Vojnomedicinske akademije u Beogradu
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Nasilna smrt nastaje delovanjem spoljašnjih činilaca. Cilj rada bio je da se utvrde određene karakteristike nasilnih smrti na obdukcionom materijalu na Institutu za patologiju i sudsku medicinu Vojnomedicinske akademije u Beogradu, Srbija. Metode. Retrospektivnom studijom obdukcionih nalaza sudskomedicinskih obdukcija koji su obavljeni u periodu od 2010. do 2019. godine na Institutu za patologiju i sudsku medicinu, utvrđene su određene karakteristike nasilne smrti. Rezultati. Od 2.763 sudskomedicinskih obdukcija u tom periodu, nasilna smrt je ustanovljena kod 43,68% obdukovanih. Najveći broj umrlih nasilnom smrću bili su muškarci (73,73%). Nasilna smrt je bila najčešća kod osoba starosti od 21–40 godina (34,96%). Najdominantniji uzrok nasilne smrti bile su mehaničke povrede, zatim hemijske i asfiktične, dok su fizičke povrede bile najređe. U 59,32% slučajeva nasilnih smrti toksikološkom analizom uzoraka krvi i urina ustanovljeno je pojedinačno ili kombinovano prisustvo prisustvo alkohola, lekova i nedozvoljenih sredstava. Zaključak. Prikazani rezultati mogu biti značajni za preduzimanje mera koje će sprečiti i smanjiti broj nasilnih smrti.
Reference
Marinković N. Forensic medicine. Belgrade: Medija Centar Od-brana; 2018.
Tasić M. Forensic medicine. Novi Sad: Zmaj; 2006. p. 531.
Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Serbia 2020 [Internet]. Belgrade: Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia; 2020 [cited 2025 Sept 1]. Available from: https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2020/pdf/G
Zhang S, Wang W, Wei M, Luo Y, Long W, Li L, et al. Foren-sic characteristics of 4866 violent injury cases in Sichuan Province China. Sci Rep 2023; 13(1): 5959.
Gonçalves REM, de Carvalho Ponce J, Leyton V. Alcohol Con-sumption and Violent Deaths in the City of Sao Paulo in 2015. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55(11): 1875–80.
Ossei PPS, Ayibor WG, Agagli BM, Aninkora OK, Fuseini G, Oduro-Manu G, et al. Profile of unnatural mortalities in North-ern part of Ghana; a forensic-based autopsy study. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 65: 137–42.
Junno JA, Pakanen L, Oura P. Unnatural-cause mortality pat-terns of Northern Finnish men and women diverge in adoles-cence - A 53-year follow-up. Prev Med Rep 2021; 22: 101337.
Khan M, Khurram M, Raza S. Gender based differences in pa-tients of poisoning managed at a Medical Unit. J Pak Med As-soc 2019; 69(7): 1025–8.
Edvardson HME, Clausen T. Opioid related deaths in Norway in 2000-2019. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232: 109281.
Paigham AM, Ataye AW. Study of the mechanical causes of death in fatalities referred to the Department of Forensic Medicine. Int J Sci Res 2020; 9(9): 617–22.
Timsinha S, Parajuli SR. Mechanical Injury among Medicolegal Cases in the Department of Emergency in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2022; 60(256): 1000–3.
Bujaroska Perkovikj M, Anastasova L, Stankov A, Zhivikj Z, Poposka V, Petrusevska-Tozi L. The role of alcohol and patterns of alcohol - related death in Republic of North Macedonia within the period 2007-2020. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023; 20(3): 933–40.
Road Traffic Safety Agency. Statistical report on the state of road traffic safety in the Republic of Serbia in 2019 [Internet]. Bel-grade: Road Traffic Safety Agency; 2020 [cited 2025 Sept 1]. Available from: https://www.abs.gov.rs/static/uploads/1446
_izvestaj-o-stanju-bezbednosti-saobracaja-u-republici-srbiji-u-2019.-godini.pdf (Serbian)
Šidlo ŠJ, Kováč KV, Očko OP, Mikuláš ML, Šikuta ŠJ. Unusual mechanism of injury in a case of suicide jump from height. Soud Lek 2019; 64(1): 2–4.
Chelly S, Mtira A, Gharesellaoui S, Hassine M, Jedidi M, Mahjoub M, et al. Fatal falls from great height in Sousse (Tunisia): Study of 141 medicolegal autopsy cases. Tunis Med 2023; 101(11): 800–4.
Zdarílek M, Očko P, Šikuta J, Nižnanský Ľ, Šidlo J. Addictive substance in fatal cases of fall/jump from height. Soud Lek 2017; 62(2): 14–7. (Czech)
Grinshteyn E, Hemenway D. Violent death rates in the US com-pared to those of the other high income countries, 2015. Prev Med 2019; 123: 20–6.
Sullivan C, Presnell SE. Non-firearm - related homicides at the Medical University of South Carolina, 2013-2018. Am J Fo-rensic Pathol 2011; 43(2): 110–6.
Negin J, Bell J, Ivancic L, Alpers P, Nassar N. Gun violence in Australia, 2002-2016: a cohort study. Med J Aust 2021; 215(9): 414–20.
Belghith M, Ben Khelil M, Marchand E, Banasr A, Hamdoun M. Homicidal sharp force cases: An 11-year autopsy based study. J Forensic Leg Med 2022; 88: 102347.
Roxburgh A, Hall WD, Dobbins T, Gisev N, Burns L, Pearson S, et al. Trends in heroin and pharmaceutical opioid overdose deaths in Australia. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179: 291–8.
Aktas N, Gulacti U, Lok U, Aydin I, Borta T, Celik M. Charac-teristics of the traumatic forensic cases admitted to emergency department and errors in the forensic report writing. Bull Emerg Trauma 2018; 6(1): 64–70.
Brådvik L, Berglund M, Frank A, Lindgren A, Löwenhielm P. Number of addictive substances used related to increased risk of unnatural death: A combined medico-legal and case-record study. BMC Psychiatry 2009; 9: 48.
Johnson J, Pizzicato L, Johnson C, Viner K. Increasing presence of xylazine in heroin and/or fentanyl deaths, Philadelphia, Penn-sylvania, 2010-2019. Inj Prev 2021; 27(4): 395–8.
Albano GD, Malta G, La Spina C, Rifiorito A, Provenzano V, Triolo V, et al. Toxicological findings of self-poisoning suicid-al deaths: a systematic review by countries. Toxics 2022; 10(11): 654.
Samaria S, Pandit V, Akhade S, Biswal S, Kannauje PK. Clinical and epidemiological study of poisoning cases presenting to the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Center in Central India. Cureus 2024; 16(1): e52368.
Khan AS, Pandey A, Pandey A. Poisoning among autopsies con-ducted in the department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicolo-gy in a Tertiary Care Centre. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2023; 61(264): 639–42.
Azmak D. Asphyxial deaths: a retrospective study and review of the literature. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2006; 27(2): 13–44.
Trnka J, Gesicki M, Suslo R, Siuta J, Drobnik J, Pirogowicz I. Deaths as results of violent asphyxia in autopsy reports. Adv Exp Med Biol 2013; 788: 413–6.
Lazarević KK, Dolićanin ZĆ, Stojanović MM, Bogdanović DČ, Milićević SR. Violent deaths among adolescents in Serbia: past, present and future. Centr Eur J Public Health 2021; 29(4): 279–83.
Seil K, Takemoto E, Farfel MR, Huynh M, Li J. Exploratory case study of suicide among a sample of 9/11 survivors. Int J Envi-ron Res Public Health 2021; 19(1): 57.
Kleinman R, Morris N. Suicide, homicide, and other violent deaths among people experiencing homelessness in the United States: A cross-sectional study. Pub Health Rep 2023; 138(2): 309–14.
Nikitopulu T, Moraitis K, Tsellou M, Stefanidou-Loutsidou M, Spili-opoulou C, Papadodima S. Violent deaths among elderly in Atti-ca, Greece: A 5-year survey (2011-2015). J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 65: 75–80.
Roza TH, Marchionatti LE, Gosmann NP, de Canto GC, Machado PV, Massuda R, et al. Characteristics of death by suicide in postmortem studies in Brazil: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53(6): 1086–107.
Karnecki K, Gos T, Steiner J, Mańkowski D, Kaliszan M. Epide-miology of suicide in the Tri-City metropolitan area in Poland in 2010-2019. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273(4): 911–20.
Lau G, Ang JY, Kim N, Gabbe BJ, Mitra B, Dietze PM, et al. Prevalence of alcohol and other drug use in patients present-ing to hospital for violence related injuries: a systematic re-view. Trauma Violence Abuse 2024; 25(1): 306–26.
Ghosh T, Bol K, Butler M, Gabella B, Kingcade A, Kaplan G, et al. Epidemiologic assessment of benzodiazepine exposure among suicide deaths in Colorado, 2015-2017. BMC Public Health 2020; 20(1): 1149.
Auckloo MBKM, Davies BB. Post-mortem toxicology in violent fatalities in Cape Town, South Africa: A preliminary investiga-tion. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 63: 18–25.
Mansoor K, De Souza Concalves B, Lakhani HV, Tashani M, Jones SE, Sodhi K, et al. Prevalence of substance abuse among trau-ma patients in rural West Virginia. Cureus 2023; 15(3): e36468.
Mathling M, Krumbiegel F, Hartwig S, Parr MK, Tsokos M. Toxi-cological findings in suicides–frequency of antidepressant and antipsychotic substances. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2019; 15(1): 23–30.
Almeida-González M, Luzardo OP, Boada LD, Zaragoza E, Meilán MJ, Zumbado M, et al. Ethanol levels in legally autop-sied subjects (2016-2017): Update of data and epidemiologi-cal implications in relation to violent deaths n Canary Islands (Spain). J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 68: 101868.
Collados-Ros A, Torres-Sánchez C, Pérez-Cárceles MD, Luna A, Legaz I. Suicidal Behavior and its relationship with postmor-tem forensic toxicological findings. Toxics 2022; 10(6): 319.
Cuchara B, Diaz FJ. An 8-year retrospective study on suicides in Washington. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2020; 41(1): 18–26.
Lasota D, Pawlowski W, Krajewski P, Staniszewska A, Goniewicz K, Czerski R, et al. Alcohol intoxication and suicide by hang-ing in Poland. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55(3): 278–83.
Wilson T, Wisborg T, Vindenes V, Jamt RG, Furuhaugen N, Bogstrand ST. Psychoactive substances have major impact on injuries in rural arctic Norway - A prospective observation study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2021; 65(6): 824–33.
Miščikienė L, Štelemėkas M, Petkevičienė J, Rehm J, Lange S, Trišauskė J. The prevalence of alcohol-related deaths in autop-sies performed in Lithuania between 2017 and 2020: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34(5): 979–85.
Greene N, Tomedi LE, Cox ME, Mello E, Esser MB. Alcohol testing and alcohol involvement among violent deaths by state, 2014-2016. Prev Med 2021; 148: 106527.
Branas CC, Han S, Wiebe DJ. Alcohol Use and Firearm Vio-lence. Epidemiol Rev 2016; 38(1): 32–45.